Modules¶

Name	Type	Description
AarfRateControl	simple module	Implements the Adaptive ARF (AARF) rate control mechanism, which was initially described in IEEE 802.11 Rate Adaptation: A Practical Approach, by M. Lacage, M.H. Manshaei, and T. Turletti, 2004.
AccessPoint	compound module	A wireless access point device that connects wireless stations (like WirelessHost) to a wired network. Supports multiple wireless radios and multiple Ethernet ports.
AckHandler	simple module	Manages acknowledgment (ACK) status tracking for transmitted frames in IEEE 802.11 networks. Maintains a record of frame transmission states, processes received ACK frames, and determines when frames need retransmission.
AckingMac	compound module	Implements a trivial MAC protocol for use in AckingWirelessInterface.
AckingWirelessInterface	compound module	Implements a highly abstracted wireless network interface (NIC) that uses a trivial MAC protocol. It offers simplicity for scenarios where Layer 1 and 2 effects can be completely ignored, for example testing the basic functionality of a wireless ad-hoc routing protocol.
ActivePacketSink	simple module	An active packet sink which pulls packets from the connected module. It pulls whole packets through the in gate at every collection interval. It pulls the first packet after the initial collection offset.
ActivePacketSinkBase	simple module	Base module for various active packet sink modules.
ActivePacketSource	simple module	An active packet source which pushes packets into the connected module. It pushes whole packets through the out gate at every production interval. It pushes the first packet after the initial production offset.
ActivePacketSourceBase	simple module	Base module for various active packet source modules.
AdaptiveProbabilisticBroadcast	simple module	Multi-hop ad-hoc data dissemination protocol based on probabilistic broadcast, with adaptive parameters.
AdditiveScrambler	compound module	The Scrambler module converts an input string into a seemingly random output string of the same length.
AdhocHost	compound module	A mobile wireless node that participates in ad hoc networks without centralized infrastructure. Extends WirelessHost by configuring the wireless interface for ad hoc mode operation and enabling packet forwarding.
AFxyQueue	compound module	This is an example queue that implements one class of the Assured Forwarding PHB group (RFC 2597).
AggregatorBase	compound module	Base module for packet aggregation. Collects multiple packets and combines them into a single aggregated packet based on a configurable aggregation policy. Aggregation improves network efficiency by reducing header overhead when transmitting multiple small packets. The module delegates the aggregation decision to a policy class or module that determines if a packet can be aggregated with the current set.
AlternatingEpEnergyConsumer	simple module	This energy consumer model alternates between two modes called consumption and sleep mode. In consumption mode, it consumes a randomly selected constant power for a random time interval. In sleep mode, it doesn’t consume energy for another random time interval.
AlternatingEpEnergyGenerator	simple module	This energy generator model alternates between two modes called generation and sleep mode. In generation mode, it generates a randomly selected constant power for a random time interval. In sleep mode, it doesn’t generate energy for another random time interval.
AlwaysOpenGateScheduleConfigurator	simple module	Provides a trivial gate scheduling algorithm that keeps all gates in the network open all the time.
AnsimMobility	simple module	Uses the <position_change> elements of the ANSim tool’s trace file.
AntennaBase	compound module	Serves as the base module for antenna models.
Aodv	simple module	Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol module.
AodvRouter	compound module	A mobile node with the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. Extends AdhocHost by adding the AODV routing protocol module.
ApplicationLayerNodeBase	compound module	An extension of the transport layer node base that adds support for applications. Provides the highest level of abstraction for network nodes, completing the full network stack from physical to application layer.
ApskDecoder	compound module	Part of a simple hypothetical layered receiver. It computes the packet domain representation from the bit domain representation by applying the configured descrambling, forward error correction decoding, and deinterleaving.
ApskDemodulator	simple module	Part of a simple hypothetical layered receiver. It computes the bit domain representation from the symbol domain representation by applying the configured modulation.
ApskDimensionalRadio	compound module	(no description)
ApskEncoder	compound module	Part of a simple hypothetical layered transmitter. It computes the bit domain representation from the packet domain representation by applying the configured scrambling, forward error correction encoding, and interleaving.
ApskErrorModel	compound module	This error model determines packet error rate, bit error rate, and symbol error rate by using the well-known formula that corresponds to the modulation. It assumes no forward error correction or any other technique is used in the physical signal.
ApskLayeredErrorModel	compound module	This error model computes the erroneous bits, symbols, or simply whether the packet is error-free or not based on the SNIR.
ApskLayeredRadio	compound module	This radio model is part of a simple hypothetical layered radio. It produces detailed transmissions that have separate representations for all simulated domains.
ApskLayeredReceiver	compound module	This receiver model is part of a simple hypothetical layered radio. It receives detailed transmissions that have a separate representation for all simulated domains. The `levelOfDetail` parameter controls which domains are actually simulated, but all parameters relevant to the error model are expected to be set on the reception.
ApskLayeredTransmitter	compound module	This transmitter model is part of a simple hypothetical layered radio. It produces detailed transmissions that have a separate representation for all simulated domains. The `levelOfDetail` parameter controls which domains are actually simulated, but all parameters relevant to the error model are always set on the transmission.
ApskModulator	simple module	Part of a simple hypothetical layered transmitter. It computes the symbol domain representation from the bit domain representation by applying the configured modulation.
ApskRadio	compound module	This radio model provides a hypothetical radio that simply uses one of the well-known modulations without utilizing other techniques such as forward error correction, interleaving, spreading, etc.
ApskReceiver	compound module	This receiver model receives a transmission successfully if the minimum of the signal-to-noise and interference ratio over the duration of the reception is sufficiently high. It uses the error model to compute the error rate based on this value and the used modulation.
ApskScalarRadio	compound module	(no description)
ApskTransmitter	compound module	This transmitter model produces transmissions that have scalar transmission power in their analog representation and the configured modulation.
ApskUnitDiskRadio	compound module	Specializes ApskRadio to use the simplified signal representation of the unit disk signal propagation model. Suitable for simulations where computational efficiency is more important than detailed physical layer modeling.
ArfRateControl	simple module	Implements the Auto Rate Fallback (ARF) adaptive rate control mechanism.
Arp	simple module	Implements the Address Resolution Protocol for IPv4 and IEEE 802 6-byte MAC addresses.
AsynchronousShaper	compound module	Implements an asynchronous shaper. The queue sorts packets based on the transmission eligibility time (EligibilityTimeTag) attached to each packet. The gate prevents packets from being transmitted earlier than the attached transmission eligibility time.
ATSIeee8021qFilter	compound module	Implements a filtering module for the asynchronous traffic shaper taking scheduler groups into account.
AttachedMobility	simple module	Provides a mobility that is attached to another mobility at a given offset. The position, velocity, and acceleration are all affected by the respective quantities and the orientation of the mobility where this one is attached.
AxiallySymmetricAntenna	compound module	This antenna model computes the antenna gain from the direction using linear interpolation. The gain parameter contains a sequence of angles [degree] and gains [dB] pairs. The first pair must be at 0 [degree].
BackPressureBarrier	simple module	Prevents backpressure propagation from its output to its input and vice versa. It always allows pushing and pulling packets independently of what the connected modules would allow to do in their current state. Both pushed and pulled packets pass through unchanged, but the operations may raise a runtime error due to this module preventing backpressure propagation.
BackPressureBasedFilter	simple module	Implements a packet filter that drops packets when the following module (consumer) does not allow packets to be pushed. The module itself accepts all packets (i.e. `canPushPacket()` and `canPushSomePacket()` always return true). This is useful, for example, when the following module is a gate to filter out packets when the gate is closed.
BasicFragmentationPolicy	simple module	Implements a basic fragmentation policy, which employs a fragmentation frame size threshold.
BasicMpduAggregationPolicy	simple module	Implements an MPDU aggregation policy that never aggregates frames.
BasicMsduAggregationPolicy	simple module	Implements a basic MSDU aggregation policy, controlled by parameters such as the minimum number of subframes needed to compose an A-MSDU, the minimum length for the aggregated payload, the maximum A-MSDU size, etc.
BehaviorAggregateClassifier	simple module	Reads the DSCP (lower six bits of ToS/TrafficClass) from the received datagram, and forwards the datagram to the corresponding output gate.
Bgp	simple module	Implements the BGP Version 4 routing protocol (RFC 4271).
BgpRouter	compound module	A router that supports Border Gateway Protocol version 4 (BGPv4) along with Open Shortest Path First version 4 (OSPFv4). It extends the standard Router module with BGP and OSPF functionality enabled.
BindingCache	simple module	Holds the Binding Cache of a home agent or correspondent node (RFC 3775): the bindings registered by mobile nodes, mapping each mobile node’s home address to its current care-of address, together with the sequence number and binding lifetime. A home agent uses it to intercept and tunnel traffic to a mobile node that is away from home; a correspondent node uses it for route optimization (sending directly to the care-of address). It also keeps the return-routability nonces used to validate Binding Updates.
BindingUpdateList	simple module	Holds the Binding Update List of a mobile node (RFC 3775): one entry per home agent and correspondent node the node has sent a Binding Update to, recording the care-of address registered, sequence numbers, binding lifetimes, the return-routability state (home/care-of keygen tokens and nonce indices), and retransmission bookkeeping.
BMac	compound module	Implementation of B-MAC (also called Berkeley MAC, Low Power Listening, or LPL). See C++ documentation for details.
BMacInterface	compound module	Implements a wireless network interface using the B-MAC protocol.
BonnMotionMobility	simple module	Uses the native file format of the BonnMotion tool.
BreakpointPathLoss	compound module	Path loss model that uses a dual-slope approach with different path loss exponents for different distance ranges. Models signal attenuation with a breakpoint distance that divides propagation into two regions, each with its own path loss characteristics. Particularly useful for environments where propagation behavior changes significantly at a certain distance, such as indoor/outdoor transitions or urban scenarios with varying obstacle densities.
BridgingLayer	compound module	Provides various layer 2 services such as packet forwarding, interface selection, virtual LAN handling, stream handling.
BurstyPacketProducer	compound module	Mixes two different packet sources to generate bursty traffic.
BvhObjectCache	compound module	This object cache model organizes closely positioned physical objects into a tree data structure.
CarrierBasedLifeTimer	simple module	(no description)
CcBatteryPack	simple module	Models a battery pack consisting of multiple identical cells arranged in series or parallel. Calculates the overall capacity, voltage, and internal resistance based on the cell properties and their arrangement. In a serial arrangement, voltages and internal resistances add up. In a parallel arrangement, capacities add up and internal resistance decreases.
CcEnergyConsumerBase	simple module	This is an abstract base module for current-based energy consumer models. It defines shared signals and statistics.
CcEnergyGeneratorBase	simple module	This is an abstract base module for current-based energy generator models. It defines shared signals and statistics.
CcEnergySinkBase	simple module	This is an abstract base module for current-based energy sink models. It defines signals and statistics.
CcEnergySourceBase	simple module	This is an abstract base module for current-based energy source models. It defines shared signals and statistics.
CcEnergyStorageBase	simple module	This is an abstract base module for current-based energy storage models. It defines shared signals and statistics.
ChannelCanvasVisualizer	simple module	(no description)
ChannelVisualizerBase	simple module	(no description)
ChecksumCheckerBase	simple module	Base module for checksum checkers that verify the integrity of packets. This module filters packets based on their checksum value, dropping packets with invalid checksums. It supports multiple checksum algorithms such as CRC32 and the Internet checksum, and also several checksum modes: disabled, declared correct, declared incorrect, and computed. When in computed mode, it calculates the actual checksum and compares it with the received value.
ChecksumHeaderChecker	simple module	Checks the checksum values in packet headers to verify data integrity. This module extends ChecksumCheckerBase and adds the ability to specify the position of the checksum header (front or back of the packet). It processes packets by popping the checksum header, checking if the checksum value matches the expected value based on the checksum mode, and filtering out packets with invalid checksums.
ChecksumHeaderInserter	simple module	Adds a checksum to packets to verify data integrity. This module extends ChecksumInserterBase and adds the ability to specify the position of the checksum header (front or back of the packet). It processes packets by creating a new checksum header, computing the checksum value based on the packet content and checksum mode, setting the checksum value and mode in the header, and inserting the header at the specified position.
ChecksumInserterBase	simple module	Base module for checksum inserters that add checksums to packets for integrity verification. This module supports multiple checksum algorithms such as CRC32 and the Internet checksum, and also several checksum modes: disabled, declared correct, declared incorrect, and computed. In computed mode, it calculates the actual checksum based on the packet content using the selected checksum algorithm. The checksumMode parameter determines which mode is used.
ChiangMobility	simple module	Uses a probabilistic transition matrix to change the state of motion. In this model, the state of the mobile node in each direction (x and y) can be:
CircleMobility	simple module	Moves the node around a circle.
ClockBase	compound module	Base module for clocks.
ClockServoBase	compound module	Base module for clock servos.
CompoundPacketQueueBase	compound module	This compound module serves as a base module for complex packet queues formed by combining several queueing components.
CompoundPendingQueue	compound module	Implements a prioritized queue system for IEEE 802.11 MAC frames. Uses a classifier to separate incoming packets into three queues: management frames (highest priority), multicast frames (medium priority), and unicast frames (lowest priority). A priority scheduler then selects packets from these queues in order of priority.
ConstantDriftOscillator	simple module	Oscillator with constant fractional frequency offset (drift).
ConstantGainAntenna	compound module	This antenna model describes an antenna that has an antenna gain independent of the transmission or reception direction.
ConstantSpeedPropagation	compound module	This propagation model computes the propagation time to be proportional to the traveled distance, the ratio is determined by the constant propagation speed parameter.
ConstantTimePropagation	compound module	This propagation model computes the propagation time to be independent of the traveled distance. In other words, the propagation time is determined by a constant parameter.
ContentBasedClassifier	simple module	Connects one packet producer to multiple packet consumers. It can be populated with packets from the connected packet producer. When this occurs, the classifier pushes the packet to one of its connected packet consumers based on the configured packet filters. The first matching expression determines the index of the output gate.
ContentBasedFilter	simple module	Filters packets that match the configured filter criteria. When the filter is pushed by a connected packet producer, it either pushes the packet to the connected packet consumer or drops it, depending on the configured packet filter. Similarly, when the filter is pulled by a connected packet collector, it pulls packets from the connected packet provider until it finds one that matches the configured packet filter.
ContentBasedLabeler	simple module	Attaches various request labels to packets.
ContentBasedScheduler	simple module	Connects one packet collector to multiple packet providers. It can be pulled for packets by the connected packet collector. When this happens, the scheduler pulls a packet from one of its packet providers based on the configured packet filters. The first matching expression determines the index of the input gate.
ContentBasedTagger	simple module	Attaches various request tags to packets.
Contention	simple module	The default implementation of IContention.
ConvolutionalCoder	compound module	Implements convolutional coding, a type of error-correcting code that generates parity symbols via the sliding application of a boolean polynomial function to a data stream.
CorrespondentNode6	compound module	An IPv6 host that can communicate directly with mobile nodes in a Mobile IPv6 network. Extends the standard IPv6 host with Mobile IPv6 support for route optimization.
CosineAntenna	compound module	Models a hypothetical antenna with a cosine-based radiation pattern. This antenna model is commonly used in the real world to approximate various directional antennas.
CreditBasedGate	simple module	A packet gate that operates based on the number of credits it contains. The gate is open if the number of credits is greater than the configured transmit credit limit, otherwise it is closed. The module attaches a CreditGateTag to all packets that pass through. The attached tag allows the gate module to determine if a packet belongs to it when the packet is eventually transmitted.
CreditBasedShaper	compound module	Implements a credit-based shaper using a gate submodule to manage the number of credits.
CsmaCaInterface	compound module	Module interface for CSMA/CA network interfaces.
CsmaCaMac	compound module	Implements an imaginary CSMA/CA-based MAC protocol with optional acknowledgements and a retry mechanism. With the appropriate settings, it can approximate basic 802.11b ad-hoc mode operation.
CtsPolicy	simple module	Implements the default CTS policy.
CutthroughSink	simple module	(no description)
CutthroughSource	simple module	(no description)
DataLinkCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes data link layer links on a 2D canvas. It displays an arrow for each active link in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes an active link. The arrow points from the source towards the destination. If a link is used in both directions, then there are separate arrows for them. Each arrow fades out over time as the link becomes inactive unless it is reinforced by another packet. The arrow automatically follows the movement of mobile nodes.
DataLinkOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes data link layer links on a 3D osg scene. It displays an arrow for each active link in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes an active link. The arrow points from the source towards the destination. If a link is used in both directions then there are separate arrows for them. Each arrow fades out over time as the link becomes inactive unless it is reinforced by another packet. The arrow automatically follows the movement of mobile nodes.
DataLinkVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg data link visualizers into a single module.
DataLinkVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for data link layer link visualizer simple modules. It keeps track of active links in a network. A link between two network nodes is considered active if a packet is sent recently between their link layers. Active links are not displayed by default, see the module parameters for how to enable the visualization. The actual visualization of active links is done in derived modules.
DataService	compound module	(no description)
Dcaf	compound module	Implements the DCAF (Distributed Channel Access Function) for IEEE 802.11.
Dcf	compound module	Implements the DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) for IEEE 802.11.
DeaggregatorBase	simple module	Base module for packet deaggregation. Takes an aggregated packet and splits it back into its original subpackets. Deaggregation is the reverse process of aggregation, extracting individual packets that were previously combined to reduce header overhead. The module receives an aggregated packet, extracts the individual subpackets, and forwards each one separately through its output gate.
DefragmenterBase	simple module	Base type for packet defragmenters that reassemble original packets from fragments. Collects and stores fragments until all fragments of a packet are received, then reconstructs the original packet.
DestreamingReceiver	simple module	Receives signals from the transmission medium (wire) as a stream. It receives the signal start and signal end separately. It sends packets to the upper layer as a whole.
DhcpClient	simple module	Implements the DHCP client protocol. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), described in RFC 2131, provides configuration parameters to Internet hosts. Requires UDP.
DhcpServer	simple module	Implements the DHCP server protocol. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), described in RFC 2131, provides configuration parameters to Internet hosts. Requires UDP.
DielectricObstacleLoss	compound module	This obstacle loss model determines the power loss by computing the accurate dielectric and reflection loss along the straight path considering the shape, the position, the orientation, and the material of obstructing physical objects.
DiffservQueue	compound module	This is an example queue that can be used in interfaces of DS core and edge nodes to support the AFxy (RFC 2597) and EF (RFC 3246) PHBs.
DimensionalBackgroundNoise	compound module	Background noise model for wireless communications that represents ambient noise as a power spectral density function of time and frequency. Supports configurable time-varying and frequency-varying gain patterns with various interpolation methods. Used to model realistic noise conditions in wireless channel simulations.
DimensionalMediumAnalogModel	compound module	This analog model computes with dimensional analog power representation. In other words, the signal power may change over time and/or frequency.
DimensionalRadioMedium	compound module	Radio medium model that uses dimensional representation (time and frequency domain) for signal power. Provides more accurate modeling of signal propagation, interference, and reception compared to scalar or unit disk models. Suitable for simulations requiring detailed physical layer behavior.
DimensionalReceiverAnalogModel	simple module	(no description)
DimensionalTransmitterAnalogModel	compound module	(no description)
DimensionalTransmitterBase	compound module	This transmitter model produces transmissions that use dimensional transmission power (that changes over time and/or frequency) in their analog representation and the configured modulation.
DipoleAntenna	compound module	This antenna model describes the well-known dipole antenna or doublet. It consists of two identical conductive elements, which are bilaterally symmetrical.
DirectionReverserLayer	compound module	Provides a layer that combines the decision for local delivery with the service of reversing the direction of an incoming packet to outgoing for packet forwarding.
DriftingOscillatorBase	simple module	Base module for oscillators whose effective tick rate may drift relative to a nominal tick length. This module provides the mapping used by clocks without generating one event per tick.
DropHeadQueue	simple module	This is a limited packet queue that drops packets at the head of the queue.
DropTailQueue	simple module	A limited packet queue that drops packets at the tail of the queue.
Ds	simple module	Implements the DS (Distribution Service) for IEEE 802.11, which is responsible for distributing correctly received frames to the higher layer, to the wireless LAN, etc.
DscpMarker	simple module	Sets the DSCP field (lower six bit of Tos/TrafficClass) of IP datagrams to the value specified by the `dscps` parameter.
Dsdv	simple module	Implements Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector.
DsdvRouter	compound module	A mobile node with the Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing protocol. Extends AdhocHost by adding the DSDV routing protocol module.
DualIeee8021qFilter	compound module	Combines two meters and their corresponding filters per path. This is primarily useful for combining a token bucket based metering with an asynchronous packet shaper. Note that the asynchronous packet shaper also has parts in the network interface queue module.
DualRateThreeColorClassifier	simple module	This packet classifier module classifies packets using two token buckets. Each packet is classified depending on which token bucket is the first one that contains the required number of tokens for the packet.
DualRateThreeColorMeter	simple module	This packet meter module measures the packet flow that is passing through using two token buckets. The meter attaches a LabelsTag to each packet with either green, yellow, or red color depending on which token bucket contains the required number of tokens for the packet.
DuplicateRemoval	simple module	Filters out duplicate packets based on sequence numbers. Keeps track of the last processed sequence number and discards packets with the same sequence number to prevent duplicate packet processing. Note that in order for this strategy to work, packets must arrive in the correct order.
Dymo	simple module	Provides Dynamic MANET On-demand (Dymo also known as AODVv2) Routing based on the IETF draft at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-manet-dymo-24.
DymoRouter	compound module	A mobile node with the Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) routing protocol. Extends AdhocHost by adding the DYMO routing protocol module.
DynamicClassifier	simple module	(no description)
EagerGateScheduleConfigurator	simple module	Provides a gate scheduling algorithm that eagerly reserves time slots for the configured streams in the order of their priority (0 being the lowest). The allocation makes sure that only one gate (traffic category) is open in all network interfaces at any given moment of time. This strategy may result in wasting too much time of the gate cycle and thus end up failing.
EchoProtocol	simple module	Provides a mechanism to test network layer connectivity using echo request/response messages similar to those of ICMP.
EcnMarker	simple module	Sets Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) bits in the IPv4 header based on the attached `EcnReq` tag on the packets.
Edca	compound module	Implements EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) for IEEE 802.11. The implementation allows for a configurable number of access categories, not just four as defined by the standard.
EdcaCollisionController	simple module	A collision controller used with EDCA. It detects and reports internal collisions among Edcaf instances.
Edcaf	compound module	Implements EDCAF (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access Function) for IEEE 802.11. EDCAF represents one access category within EDCA.
EigrpInterfaceTable	simple module	(no description)
EigrpIpv4NeighborTable	simple module	TODO auto-generated module
EigrpIpv4Pdm	simple module	(no description)
EigrpIpv4TopologyTable	simple module	(no description)
EigrpIpv6NeighborTable	simple module	TODO auto-generated module
EigrpIpv6Pdm	simple module	(no description)
EigrpIpv6TopologyTable	simple module	(no description)
EigrpProcessDS	compound module	(no description)
EigrpRouter	compound module	A router that uses the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). It extends the standard Router module with EIGRP functionality and dual-stack (IPv4/IPv6) support.
EigrpRtp	simple module	(no description)
EigrpRtp6	simple module	(no description)
EigrpSplitter	simple module	(no description)
EligibilityTimeFilter	simple module	A packet filter that operates based on the EligibilityTimeTag attached to the packet that is passing through. Packets are dropped if the tag is missing. If the `maxResidenceTime` parameter is set, then the filter also drops the packets for which the eligibility time in the attached EligibilityTimeTag is greater than the current simulation time plus the maximum residence time.
EligibilityTimeGate	simple module	A packet gate that operates based on the EligibilityTimeTag attached to the next packet waiting to be pulled through. The gate is closed if the eligibility time is greater than the current simulation time, otherwise, it is open.
EligibilityTimeMeter	simple module	A packet meter which measures the packet flow that is passing through and optionally attaches an EligibilityTimeTag to the packets. The tag contains the calculated simulation time when the packet becomes eligible for transmission according to the asynchronous shaper algorithm.
EligibilityTimeQueue	simple module	A packet queue that keeps the packets in ascending order based on the eligibility time in the attached EligibilityTimeTag of the packets.
EmptyPacketSource	simple module	An active/passive empty packet source. It doesn’t push packets into the connected module, and it doesn’t allow packets to be pulled from it by the connected module. The output gate generates backpressure for pull packet operations.
EnergyStorageCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes `energyStorages` on a 2D canvas.
EnergyStorageOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes energy storages on a 3D OSG scene.
EnergyStorageVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg `energyStorage` visualizers into a single module.
EnergyStorageVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for energy storage visualizer simple modules.
EpEnergyConsumerBase	simple module	This is an abstract base module for power-based energy consumer models. It defines shared signals and statistics.
EpEnergyGeneratorBase	simple module	This is an abstract base module for power-based energy generator models. It defines shared signals and statistics.
EpEnergySinkBase	simple module	This is an abstract base module for power-based energy sink models. It defines signals and statistics.
EpEnergySourceBase	simple module	This is an abstract base module for power-based energy source models. It defines shared signals and statistics.
EpEnergyStorageBase	simple module	This is an abstract base module for power-based energy storage models. It defines shared signals and statistics.
ErrorModelBase	compound module	Serves as the base module for error models.
EtherAppClient	simple module	A simple traffic generator for the Ethernet model and the 802.11 model, and generally for any L2 model that accepts Ieee802SapReq tags on the packets. It generates packets containing EtherAppReq chunks. It should be connected directly to Ieee8022Llc.
EtherAppServer	simple module	Server side of the EtherAppClient model – generates packets containing EtherAppResp chunks with the number of bytes requested by the client in corresponding EtherAppReq. It should be connected directly to Ieee8022Llc module.
EthernetAddressChecker	simple module	Filters Ethernet packets based on their destination MAC address. Extracts source and destination addresses from Ethernet frames and adds them as tags for use by higher layers. Accepts packets where the destination address is the receiving interface’s MAC address, the broadcast address, or a multicast address for which the interface has group membership. Drops the rest as “not addressed to us”. When in promiscuous mode, accepts all packets regardless of destination address.
EthernetAddressInserter	simple module	Inserts Ethernet MAC address fields into outgoing packets. Creates and adds the source and destination address header fields at the front of each packet. Uses the destination address from the packet’s MacAddressReq tag. If the source address is unspecified in the tag, it uses the MAC address of the requested target network interface. Updates packet protocol tags to reflect the added header.
EthernetApp	compound module	Generates traffic as an Ethernet application. The traffic source and traffic sink modules can be built from queueing model elements.
EthernetCsmaMac	simple module	Implements the Ethernet CSMA/CD MAC protocol. It supports building both Ethernet CSMA/CD and Ethernet PLCA network interfaces.
EthernetCsmaMacPhy	compound module	Ethernet MAC layer. MAC performs transmission and reception of frames. See the IEtherMac for the Ethernet MAC layer general information. Doesn’t do encapsulation/decapsulation; see Ieee8022Llc and EthernetEncapsulation for that.
EthernetCsmaPhy	simple module	Implements the Ethernet CSMA/CD PHY protocol. It supports building both Ethernet CSMA/CD and Ethernet PLCA network interfaces.
EthernetCutthroughBarrier	simple module	(no description)
EthernetCutthroughInterface	compound module	Represents an Ethernet network interface with Ethernet cut-through switching support. In contrast with store-and-forward switching, Ethernet cut-through switching can begin the transmission of the outgoing packet before the reception of the corresponding incoming packet ends. Ethernet cut-through switching can significantly reduce end-to-end delay in the network.
EthernetCutthroughLayer	compound module	(no description)
EthernetCutthroughSink	simple module	(no description)
EthernetCutthroughSource	simple module	(no description)
EthernetEncapsulation	simple module	Performs Ethernet II or Ethernet with LLC/SNAP encapsulation/decapsulation.
EthernetFcsChecker	simple module	(no description)
EthernetFcsHeaderChecker	simple module	Checks Ethernet FCS checksums inserted as headers in packets in order to verify data integrity. This module extends ChecksumHeaderChecker and specializes it to use the “ethernet-fcs” checksum type.
EthernetFcsHeaderInserter	simple module	Inserts Ethernet FCS checksums as headers into packets to enable data integrity verification. This module extends ChecksumHeaderInserter and specializes it to use the “ethernet-fcs” checksum type.
EthernetFcsInserter	simple module	(no description)
EthernetFragmentFcsChecker	simple module	(no description)
EthernetFragmentFcsInserter	simple module	(no description)
EthernetFragmentingMacLayer	compound module	(no description)
EthernetFragmentPhyHeaderChecker	simple module	(no description)
EthernetFragmentPhyHeaderInserter	simple module	(no description)
EthernetFrameClassifier	simple module	Classifier that forwards Ethernet PAUSE frames to the `pauseOut` gate, and other frames to the `defaultOut` gate.
EthernetGatingQueue	compound module	(no description)
EthernetHost	compound module	A simplified network device that communicates directly over Ethernet without higher layer protocols like IP or TCP. It provides a basic host model for Ethernet-only simulations.
EthernetHub	simple module	A simple Ethernet hub device that operates at the physical layer. It connects multiple Ethernet devices together in a star topology while creating a single collision domain.
EthernetInterface	compound module	Represents an Ethernet network interface.
EthernetLayer	compound module	(no description)
EthernetMacHeaderChecker	simple module	(no description)
EthernetMacHeaderInserter	simple module	(no description)
EthernetMacLayer	compound module	(no description)
EthernetMacPhy	compound module	Ethernet MAC which supports full-duplex operation ONLY. See the IEtherMac for general information.
EthernetPauseCommandProcessor	simple module	(no description)
EthernetPhy	simple module	(no description)
EthernetPhyHeaderChecker	simple module	(no description)
EthernetPhyHeaderInserter	simple module	(no description)
EthernetPhyLayer	compound module	(no description)
EthernetPlca	simple module	Implements the Ethernet Phyisical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) protocol defined in the IEEE 802.3cg-2019 standard. It can be used to build an Ethernet network interface that can be connected to 10BASE-T1S multidrop links.
EthernetPlcaHost	compound module	A network node designed specifically for Ethernet 10BASE-T1S multidrop networks. It extends StandardHost with specialized Ethernet interfaces that support the Physical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) protocol.
EthernetPlcaInterface	compound module	Implements a network interface that is suitable for use in Ethernet 10BASE-T1S multidrop links. Such a multidrop link uses the Ethernet Phyisical Layer Collision Avoidance (PLCA) protocol. The protocol is defined in the IEEE 802.3cg-2019 standard. This network interface can be used in any network node module (e.g. StandardHost) that allows replacing its network interfaces. All network interfaces on the same multidrop link must use this module.
EthernetPreemptingMacLayer	compound module	(no description)
EthernetPreemptingPhyLayer	compound module	(no description)
EthernetPriorityQueue	compound module	(no description)
EthernetQosQueue	compound module	Queue module that gives the PAUSE frames a higher priority, and can be parametrized with an IPacketQueue for serving the data frames.
EthernetQosRedQueue	compound module	Queue module that gives the PAUSE frames a higher priority, and using Random Early Detection algorithm on data frames, and can be parametrized with an IPacketQueue for serving the data frames.
EthernetQueue	compound module	Queue module that gives the PAUSE frames a higher priority.
EthernetSinkApp	compound module	Implements an Ethernet application that only receives packets.
EthernetSocketCommandProcessor	simple module	(no description)
EthernetSocketIo	simple module	Provides Ethernet socket handling for generic applications.
EthernetSocketPacketProcessor	simple module	(no description)
EthernetSocketTable	simple module	(no description)
EthernetSourceApp	compound module	Implements an Ethernet application that only sends packets.
EthernetStreamingMacLayer	compound module	(no description)
EthernetStreamingPhyLayer	compound module	(no description)
EthernetStreamThroughPhyLayer	compound module	(no description)
EthernetSwitch	compound module	EthernetSwitch models a Layer 2 Ethernet switch with support for various IEEE 802.1 protocols and features. It provides frame forwarding based on MAC addresses and implements multiple switching technologies.
EthernetTypeOrLengthChecker	simple module	(no description)
EthernetTypeOrLengthInserter	simple module	(no description)
EtherTrafGen	simple module	A simple traffic generator for the Ethernet model and the 802.11 model, and generally for any L2 model that accepts Ieee802SapReq tag on packets. It should be connected directly to Ieee8022Llc module.
ExampleQosClassifier	simple module	An example QoS classifier that assigns a User Priority based on the transport protocol and port numbers.
ExponentialRateMeter	simple module	Attaches a RateTag to each packet specifying the data rate and packet rate of the received stream of packets. The algorithm takes older packets into account with an exponentially decreasing weight.
ExternalApp	compound module	Provides an external application that uses a host OS external process.
ExternalEnvironment	simple module	Executes a setup command on the host OS during initialization and another teardown command during module destruction. For example, it can be used to configure virtual network interfaces.
ExternalProcess	simple module	Launches an external OS process in the background, using the command line given in the ‘command’ parameter. The process is terminated when the module is deleted. This module requires using the ~RealTimeScheduler class as the simulation event scheduler.
ExtEthernetSocket	simple module	Provides a bidirectional connection to an Ethernet socket of the host computer which is running the simulation. It writes the packets that arrive on `upperLayerIn` gate to the specified real socket and sends out packets that arrive from the real socket on the `upperLayerOut` gate.
ExtEthernetTapDevice	simple module	Provides a bidirectional connection to a real TAP device of the host computer which is running the simulation. It writes the packets arrived on `lowerLayerIn` gate to the specified real TAP device, and sends out packets arrived from the real TAP device on `lowerLayerOut` gate.
ExtInterface	compound module	A base for external network interfaces, network interface modules that connect the simulation to the network stack of the host OS.
ExtIpv4Socket	simple module	Provides a bidirectional connection to an IPv4 socket of the host computer which is running the simulation. It writes the packets arrived on `upperLayerIn` gate to the specified real socket, and sends out packets arrived from the real socket on `upperLayerOut` gate.
ExtIpv4TunDevice	simple module	Provides a bidirectional connection to a real TUN device of the host computer which is running the simulation. It writes the packets arrived on `lowerLayerIn` gate to the specified real TUN device, and sends out packets arrived from real TAP device on `lowerLayerOut` gate.
ExtLowerEthernetInterface	compound module	Provides an Ethernet network interface suitable for emulation. The lower part of the network interface is realized in the real world using a real Ethernet socket of the host computer which is running the simulation.
ExtLowerIpv4	compound module	Provides IPv4 layer functionality for network emulation that connects the simulation to a real network on the host computer. Sends packets from the simulation to the real network and receives packets from the real network into the simulation using raw sockets. Uses Ipv4Encap for packet encapsulation and ExtIpv4Socket for the connection to the host’s networking stack.
ExtLowerIpv4NetworkLayer	compound module	Provides a simplified network layer for emulation that connects the simulation to a real network on the host computer. Uses ExtLowerIpv4 to send packets from the simulation to the real network and receive packets from the real network into the simulation using raw sockets.
ExtLowerUdp	simple module	Provides UDP protocol services suitable for emulation. The lower part of the UDP protocol is realized in the real world using real UDP sockets of the host computer which is running the simulation.
ExtUpperEthernetInterface	compound module	Provides an Ethernet network interface suitable for emulation. The upper part of the network interface is realized in the real world using a real TAP device of the host computer which is running the simulation.
ExtUpperIeee80211Interface	compound module	Provides an IEEE 802.11 network interface suitable for emulation. The upper part of the network interface is realized in the real world using a real TAP device of the host computer which is running the simulation.
ExtUpperIpv4	compound module	Provides IPv4 layer functionality for network emulation that connects simulated applications to a real network on the host computer. Uses a real TUN device on the host OS to capture and inject packets at the IP layer, allowing simulated applications to communicate with real-world network endpoints through the host’s networking stack.
ExtUpperIpv4NetworkLayer	compound module	Provides a network layer that connects the simulation to a real network on the host computer using a TUN device. Allows simulated applications to send and receive packets through the host’s networking stack at the IP layer. Contains standard components like routing table and ARP, and uses ExtUpperIpv4 with a TUN device for external connectivity.
FacingMobility	simple module	Provides orientation towards the target mobility model as seen from the source mobility model.
FailureProtectionConfigurationCanvasVisualizer	simple module	(no description)
FailureProtectionConfigurator	simple module	Provides Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) configuration using other configurators. One is used to provide the stream redundancy (stream splitting and stream merging) configuration, the other one is used to provide the gate scheduling configuration.
FlatGround	compound module	Models a flat ground surface with a configurable elevation. Provides methods to compute the ground projection of a 3D position by setting its z-coordinate to the elevation value, and to compute the ground normal which is always pointing upward (0,0,1) for a flat surface.
FlatRadioBase	compound module	Serves as a base module for flat radio models.
Flooding	simple module	A simple flooding protocol for network-level broadcast.
FlowMeasurementRecorder	simple module	Part of the flow measurement infrastructure. It can be used to record the collected statistics and also to terminate the flow measurements.
FlowMeasurementStarter	simple module	Initiates packet flow measurements by adding time tags to selected packets. Supports measuring various timing aspects including elapsed time, delaying time, queueing time, processing time, transmission time, and propagation time. Can be configured to measure specific packet regions and to filter which packets are measured.
Forwarding	simple module	(no description)
ForwardingService	compound module	(no description)
FragmenterBase	compound module	(no description)
FragmentNumberHeaderBasedDefragmenter	simple module	(no description)
FragmentNumberHeaderBasedFragmenter	compound module	(no description)
FragmentNumberHeaderChecker	simple module	(no description)
FragmentNumberHeaderInserter	simple module	(no description)
FragmentTagBasedDefragmenter	simple module	(no description)
FragmentTagBasedFragmenter	compound module	(no description)
FreeSpacePathLoss	compound module	Implements the free space path loss model, which models signal attenuation over distance according to the Friis transmission equation. Calculates signal power loss as a function of distance, wavelength, and configurable parameters. The alpha parameter controls the path loss exponent (default 2), while the systemLoss parameter accounts for hardware inefficiencies. Provides an ideal baseline model for wireless propagation in environments with line-of-sight and no obstacles.
FullPacketSink	simple module	An active/passive full packet sink. It doesn’t pull packets from the connected module, and it doesn’t allow packets to be pushed by the connected module. The input gate generates backpressure for push packet operations.
GateControlList	simple module	Configures multiple `PeriodicGate` modules according to a gate control list. The modules are looked for at the `^.transmissionGate[*]` relative module path.
GateScheduleCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes gates on a 2D canvas.
GateScheduleConfiguratorBase	simple module	Serves as a basis for gate scheduling configurator modules. It provides methods for derived modules to easily extract the input parameters from the network topology and also to carry out the actual configuration of the resulting schedule. The schedule is automatically configured in all of the PeriodicGate submodules of all queue submodules in the network interface MAC layer submodules. Besides, the application start offsets are also configured. This allows the derived modules to focus on the implementation of the actual scheduling algorithm.
GateScheduleOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes gates on a 3D osg scene.
GateScheduleVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg gate visualizers into a single module.
GateScheduleVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for gate visualizer simple modules.
GatingPriorityQueue	compound module	Implements a priority queue with multiple inner queues each having its own periodic gate for packet selection and an optional shared memory buffer.
GatingQueue	compound module	Implements a queue having its own periodic gate.
GaussMarkovMobility	simple module	Uses a Gauss-Markov model to control the randomness in the movement. Totally random walk (Brownian motion) is obtained by setting alpha=0, while alpha=1 results in linear motion.
GenericDimensionalRadio	compound module	(no description)
GenericRadio	compound module	This radio is part of the generic radio architecture.
GenericReceiver	compound module	This receiver is part of the generic radio architecture.
GenericScalarRadio	compound module	(no description)
GenericTransmitter	compound module	This transmitter is part of the generic radio architecture.
GenericUnitDiskRadio	compound module	(no description)
GeoHorizonCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Draws the satellite visibility footprint of the tracked nodes on top of an equirectangular map (e.g. a `GeoMapCanvasVisualizer`): the area on the Earth from which a node is seen above the `elevationMask`. The footprint is rebuilt every refresh from each node’s current position.
GeoMapCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Draws a 2D world map on the OMNeT++ canvas: a background map image stretched to the map area and optionally overlaid with a latitude/longitude graticule, plus an optional absolute UTC wall-clock in the lower-left corner. It also sets up the shared canvas projection so that other canvas visualizers drawing scene coordinates (node markers, movement trails, `GeoHorizonCanvasVisualizer` footprints, …) line up with this map.
GeoSkyViewCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Draws an azimuth/elevation “sky view” polar plot next to each observer node (typically a ground station using a `StationaryMobility`), showing where the target nodes (typically satellites) currently are in the observer’s sky. The center is the zenith (90 deg elevation), the outer rim is the horizon (0 deg); North is up and East is to the right (azimuth clockwise). Concentric rings mark elevations, the cardinal points (N/E/S/W) are drawn, and the band below `elevationMask` is masked translucently. Each visible target is a colored dot (optionally named, with a fading sky trail); targets below the horizon are hidden.
GlobalArp	simple module	Provides global address resolution without exchanging packets.
GnssTrackMobility	simple module	Mobility model that follows a recorded GNSS (WGS84) track read from a CSV, GPX, or GeoJSON LineString source, mapping geographic positions into the scene through the `coordinateSystemModule`. Waypoints are interpolated along the great circle, so the path stays on the Earth’s surface even between far-apart points, which works for both cars and aircraft.
Gpsr	simple module	Provides Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks. The implementation supports both GG and RNG planarization algorithms.
GpsrRouter	compound module	A mobile node with the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol. It extends AdhocHost by adding the GPSR routing protocol module.
Gptp	compound module	Implements the generalized Precision Time Protocol (gPTP) as defined in the IEEE 802.1AS-2020 standard.
GptpBridge	compound module	Implements a gPTP bridge network node.
GptpEndstation	compound module	Implements a gPTP end station that contains a clock module and a gPTP protocol.
GptpMaster	compound module	Provides a gPTP master network node.
GptpSlave	compound module	Provides a gPTP slave network node.
GridNeighborCache	compound module	This neighbor cache model organizes radios in a three-dimensional grid with a constant cell size and updates periodically.
GridObjectCache	compound module	This object cache model stores physical objects in a spatial grid. Each cell maintains a list of intersecting physical objects. The grid is aligned with the coordinate axes and it has a configurable cell size in all dimensions. The cell size parameters take precedence over the cell count parameters.
GroupEligibilityTimeMeter	simple module	Extends the `EligibilityTimeMeter` with scheduler groups. The calculation of the eligibility time takes into account the eligibility times of all streams of the same group.
GroupEligibilityTimeTable	simple module	A table containing the group eligibility times needed for the `GroupEligibilityTimeMeter`. Groups are dynamically added when a frame with a new combination of ingress port and priority values is seen.
Hcca	simple module	Implements HCCA (Hybrid Coordination Function Controlled Channel Access) for IEEE 802.11.
Hcf	compound module	Implements the HCF (Hybrid Coordination Function) for IEEE 802.11.
HomeAgent6	compound module	An IPv6 router that functions as a Home Agent in Mobile IPv6 networks. Extends the standard IPv6 router (Router6) with Mobile IPv6 support.
HostAutoConfigurator	simple module	HostAutoConfigurator automatically assigns IP addresses and sets up the routing table. It has to be added to each host.
Icmp	simple module	ICMP implementation.
Icmpv6	simple module	Implements ICMPv6 (RFC 4443): it generates and processes ICMPv6 error messages (destination unreachable, packet too big, time exceeded, parameter problem) on behalf of Ipv6, and answers Echo Requests (ping) with Echo Replies. Neighbor Discovery messages (RS/RA/NS/NA/Redirect) are not handled here but by Ipv6NeighbourDiscovery.
IdealClock	compound module	Ideal clock: clock time equals simulation time.
IdealEpEnergyStorage	simple module	This energy storage model stores an infinite amount of energy. It can provide energy for any number of consumers, and it can absorb energy from any number of generators. The ideal energy storage never gets completely charged or depleted. This module is primarily useful for testing energy consumer and energy generator models. See the base module for signals and statistics.
IdealObstacleLoss	compound module	This obstacle loss model determines power loss by checking if there is any obstructing physical object along the straight propagation path. The result is either total power loss if there was such an object or no loss at all if there wasn’t.
IdealOscillator	simple module	Ideal strictly periodic oscillator (no drift).
Ieee80211AgentSta	simple module	Used in 802.11 infrastructure mode: in a station (STA), this module controls channel scanning, association and handovers, by sending commands (e.g. Ieee80211Prim_ScanRequest) to the management module (Ieee80211MgmtSta).
Ieee80211BerTableErrorModel	compound module	(no description)
Ieee80211CanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes IEEE 802.11 associations on a 2D canvas. It displays an icon labeled with the SSID for each associated wireless interface.
Ieee80211DimensionalRadio	compound module	(no description)
Ieee80211DimensionalRadioMedium	compound module	This radio medium model uses dimensional transmission power (that changes over time and/or frequency) in the analog representation. It must be used in conjunction with the dimensional analog model in radios.
Ieee80211Interface	compound module	Implements an IEEE 802.11 network interface. It implements a large subset of the IEEE 802.11 standard, and may use radio models and wireless signal representations of varying levels of detail. It is also extremely configurable, and its component structure makes it easy to experiment with various details of the protocol.
Ieee80211LayeredOfdmReceiver	compound module	Implements an IEEE 802.11 OFDM receiver. The implementation details are based on the following standard: IEEE Std 802.11-2012 PART 11: WIRELESS LAN MAC AND PHY SPECIFICATIONS
Ieee80211LayeredOfdmTransmitter	compound module	The level of detail parameter determines which submodules of the transmitter will be used:
Ieee80211LlcEpd	simple module	An LLC implementation that encapsulates packets with the IEEE 802 `EtherType` Protocol Discrimination (EPD) header, as defined in section 9.2 `EtherTypes` of the IEEE Std 802-2014 standard. See Ieee802EpdHeader.
Ieee80211LlcLpd	simple module	An LLC implementation that encapsulates packets in an LLC header, using IEEE 802 LPD-style encoding.
Ieee80211Mac	compound module	Implementation of the 802.11 MAC protocol. This module is intended to be used in combination with the Ieee80211Radio module as the physical layer.
Ieee80211MgmtAdhoc	simple module	IEEE 802.11 management module used for ad-hoc mode. This implementation never sends control or management frames, and discards any such frame received. Distributed beacon generation is not modeled.
Ieee80211MgmtAp	simple module	Used in 802.11 infrastructure mode in an access point (AP).
Ieee80211MgmtApSimplified	simple module	Used in 802.11 infrastructure mode in an access point (AP).
Ieee80211MgmtSta	simple module	Used in 802.11 infrastructure mode: handles management frames for a station (STA).
Ieee80211MgmtStaSimplified	simple module	Used in 802.11 infrastructure mode for a station (STA).
Ieee80211Mib	simple module	Management Information Base for IEEE 802.11 networks. Stores configuration and state information including network mode (infrastructure, ad-hoc, mesh), station type (access point or station), authentication and association status, and BSS data (SSID, BSSID). Used by various IEEE 802.11 modules to maintain protocol state and control frame addressing.
Ieee80211NistErrorModel	compound module	(no description)
Ieee80211OfdmDecoder	compound module	This is the decoder module for the layered IEEE 802.11 OFDM PHY infrastructure (IEEE 802.11-2012, Clause 18).
Ieee80211OfdmDemodulator	simple module	See also: Ieee80211OfdmModulator
Ieee80211OfdmEncoder	compound module	This is the encoder module for the layered IEEE 802.11 OFDM PHY infrastructure (IEEE 802.11-2012, Clause 18).
Ieee80211OfdmErrorModel	compound module	This is the error model for the layered IEEE 802.11 OFDM PHY infrastructure (IEEE 802.11-2012, Clause 18). OFDM means that the physical layer uses OFDM modulation.
Ieee80211OfdmInterleaver	compound module	The Ieee80211OfdmInterleaver is defined by a two-step permutation. The first permutation ensures that adjacent coded bits are mapped onto nonadjacent subcarriers. The second ensures that adjacent coded bits are mapped alternately onto less and more significant bits of the constellation and, thereby, long runs of low reliability (LSB) bits are avoided. (IEEE 802.11, 18.3.5.7 Data interleaving)
Ieee80211OfdmModulator	simple module	This is an IEEE 802.11 OFDM modulator module. The implementation is based on the 18.3.5.8 Subcarrier modulation mapping section in IEEE 802.11-2012 Std.
Ieee80211OfdmRadio	compound module	(no description)
Ieee80211OsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes IEEE 802.11 associations in a 3D osg scene. It displays an icon labeled with the SSID for each associated wireless interface.
Ieee80211Portal	simple module	Implements the portal functionality in IEEE 802.11 networks, serving as a bridge between wireless LANs and wired networks. Performs protocol conversion between IEEE 802.11 frames and IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) frames, handling frame format differences and LLC header management.
Ieee80211Radio	compound module	This radio model is part of the IEEE 802.11 physical layer model. It supports multiple channels, different operation modes, and preamble modes. It must be used in conjunction with the Ieee80211RadioMedium model or other derived models.
Ieee80211RadioMedium	compound module	This radio medium model is part of the IEEE 802.11 physical layer model. It must be used in conjunction with the Ieee80211Radio model or other derived models.
Ieee80211Receiver	compound module	This receiver model receives an IEEE 802.11 transmission successfully if the minimum of the signal to noise and interference ratio over the duration of the reception is sufficiently high. It uses one of the IEEE 802.11 specific error models to compute the error rate based on this value and the used operation mode.
Ieee80211ScalarRadio	compound module	(no description)
Ieee80211ScalarRadioMedium	compound module	This radio medium model uses scalar transmission power in the analog representation. It must be used in conjunction with the analog model in radios.
Ieee80211StateBasedCcEnergyConsumer	simple module	Provides a radio power consumer model for IEEE 802.11 radios. Default values are roughly based on CC3220 transceiver. The power consumption is determined by the radio mode, the transmitter state, and the receiver state using constant parameters.
Ieee80211StateBasedEpEnergyConsumer	simple module	Provides a radio power consumer model for IEEE 802.11 radios. Default values are roughly based on CC3220 transceiver. The power consumption is determined by the radio mode, the transmitter state, and the receiver state using constant parameters.
Ieee80211Transmitter	compound module	This transmitter model produces IEEE 802.11 transmissions.
Ieee80211UnitDiskRadio	compound module	(no description)
Ieee80211Visualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg IEEE 802.11 association visualizers into a single module.
Ieee80211VisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for IEEE 802.11 association visualizer simple modules. It keeps track of wireless interface associations by subscribing to a number of signals at the provided subscription module.
Ieee80211YansErrorModel	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154ErrorModel	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154Mac	compound module	Generic CSMA protocol supporting Mac-ACKs as well as constant, linear or exponential backoff times.
Ieee802154NarrowbandDimensionalRadio	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154NarrowbandDimensionalRadioMedium	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154NarrowbandInterface	compound module	Implements an IEEE 802.15.4 narrowband network interface.
Ieee802154NarrowbandMac	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154NarrowbandRadio	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154NarrowbandReceiver	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154NarrowbandScalarRadio	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154NarrowbandScalarRadioMedium	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154NarrowbandTransmitter	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154NarrowbandUnitDiskRadio	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154UwbIrInterface	compound module	Implements an IEEE 802.15.4 UWB-IR network interface.
Ieee802154UwbIrRadio	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154UwbIrRadioMedium	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154UwbIrReceiver	compound module	(no description)
Ieee802154UwbIrTransmitter	compound module	(no description)
Ieee8021aeTagEpdHeaderChecker	simple module	TODO this module is incomplete
Ieee8021aeTagEpdHeaderInserter	simple module	TODO: this module is incomplete
Ieee8021dRelay	simple module	Forwards frames (~EtherFrame) based on their destination MAC addresses to appropriate ports.
Ieee8021qAsynchronousShaper	compound module	Implements the IEEE 802.1Q asynchronous shaper. An alias for the EligibilityTimeGate module.
Ieee8021qCreditBasedGate	simple module	A packet gate that can be used to implement the IEEE 802.1q credit-based shaper algorithm in combination with a packet queue.
Ieee8021qCreditBasedShaper	compound module	Implements the IEEE 802.1Q credit-based shaper.
Ieee8021qFilter	compound module	Implements the IEEE 802.1Q per-stream filtering and policing. The relationship between streams, gates, and meters is not one-to-one. The number of streams, gates, and meters can be different, and the module will take care of the connections between the submodules based on the `streamFilterTable` parameter.
Ieee8021qLayer	compound module	Implements IEEE 802.1Q protocol functionality as a layered architecture with policy and protocol components. The policy submodule handles VLAN filtering and mapping, while the protocol submodule manages tag encapsulation/ decapsulation. Supports both C-VLAN (0x8100) and S-VLAN (0x88A8) tag types through configuration. Enables network segmentation and traffic control in Ethernet networks by processing VLAN tags according to configured policies.
Ieee8021qProtocol	compound module	Implements the IEEE 802.1Q protocol encapsulation/decapsulation. It also provides socket support so applications can use the protocol directly.
Ieee8021qSocketCommandProcessor	simple module	Processes IEEE 802.1Q socket commands from applications and manages socket registrations in the socket table. Handles bind, close, and destroy commands for IEEE 802.1Q sockets, enabling applications to send and receive VLAN-tagged frames. Supports filtering traffic based on protocol and VLAN ID, providing a socket-based interface to the IEEE 802.1Q layer. Works in conjunction with Ieee8021qSocketTable to maintain socket state and Ieee8021qSocketPacketProcessor to deliver packets to the appropriate applications.
Ieee8021qSocketPacketProcessor	simple module	Processes packets related to IEEE 802.1Q VLAN sockets. Delivers packets to registered sockets based on protocol and VLAN ID matching. Duplicates packets for delivery to interested sockets and supports “stealing” packets to prevent them from being forwarded. Enables applications to communicate directly with specific VLANs and implements protocol handlers for VLAN-specific traffic. Works in conjunction with Ieee8021qSocketTable to provide a socket-based API for VLAN communication.
Ieee8021qSocketTable	simple module	Maintains a table of IEEE 802.1Q VLAN sockets. Each socket entry contains a socket ID, protocol, VLAN ID, and a flag indicating whether to steal packets. The module provides functionality to add, remove, and find sockets based on protocol and VLAN ID criteria. It enables applications to communicate through specific VLANs by associating sockets with VLAN tags, facilitating the routing of packets to the appropriate protocol handlers.
Ieee8021qTagEpdHeaderChecker	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8021qTagEpdHeaderInserter	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8021qTagTpidHeaderChecker	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8021qTagTpidHeaderInserter	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8021qTimeAwareShaper	compound module	Implements the IEEE 802.1Q time aware shaper.
Ieee8021rLayer	compound module	(no description)
Ieee8021rProtocol	compound module	Implements the IEEE 802.1r protocol encapsulation/decapsulation.
Ieee8021rTagEpdHeaderChecker	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8021rTagEpdHeaderInserter	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8022Llc	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8022LlcApp	compound module	Generates traffic as an IEEE 802.2 LLC application. The traffic source and traffic sink modules can be built from queueing model elements.
Ieee8022LlcChecker	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8022LlcInserter	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8022LlcLayer	compound module	(no description)
Ieee8022LlcSinkApp	compound module	Implements an IEEE 802.2 LLC application that only receives packets.
Ieee8022LlcSocketCommandProcessor	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8022LlcSocketIo	simple module	Provides IEEE 802.2 LLC socket handling for generic applications.
Ieee8022LlcSocketPacketProcessor	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8022LlcSocketTable	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8022LlcSourceApp	compound module	Implements an IEEE 802.2 LLC application that only sends packets.
Ieee8022SnapChecker	simple module	(no description)
Ieee8022SnapInserter	simple module	(no description)
Igmpv2	simple module	Implementation of IGMPv2 protocol. Multicast routers use IGMP to learn which groups have members on each of their attached physical networks.
Igmpv3	simple module	Implements IGMPv3 (RFC 3376), the source-filtering version of the Internet Group Management Protocol for IPv4. Beyond plain group membership (see Igmpv2), IGMPv3 lets a host request a group’s traffic while INCLUDING or EXCLUDING a specific set of sources – the basis for Source-Specific Multicast. A single module performs both the host and the multicast-router (querier) role.
InfoCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes some information of a submodule for each network node on a 2D canvas.
InfoOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes some information of a submodule for each network node on a 3D osg scene.
InfoVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg info visualizers into a single module.
InfoVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for submodule information visualizer simple modules. It displays some information on network nodes originating from one of their corresponding submodules. No information is displayed by default, see module parameters for how to enable the visualization. The actual visualization is done in derived modules.
InProgressFrames	simple module
InProgressQueue	simple module	Specialized packet queue that only accepts packets with higher priority than those already in the queue. Unlike standard packet queues, it always returns false for canPushSomePacket() and only allows insertion of packets that compare favorably against the first packet in the queue according to the configured comparator function (see comparatorClass parameter). Useful for implementing priority-based packet processing where only higher priority packets can preempt currently queued packets.
InstantServer	simple module	Repeatedly pulls packets from the connected packet provider and pushes the packet into the connected packet consumer without delay.
IntegratedCanvasVisualizer	compound module	Integrates all canvas visualizers into a single module. It supports disabling any submodule visualizer by providing an empty string as its type.
IntegratedMultiCanvasVisualizer	compound module	Integrates all canvas visualizers into a single module. It supports disabling any submodule visualizer by providing an empty string as its type.
IntegratedMultiOsgVisualizer	compound module	Integrates all osg visualizers into a single module. It supports disabling any submodule visualizer by providing an empty string as its type.
IntegratedMultiVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg visualizers into a single module.
IntegratedOsgVisualizer	compound module	Integrates all osg visualizers into a single module. It supports disabling any submodule visualizer by providing an empty string as its type.
IntegratedVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg visualizers into a single module.
InteractiveGate	simple module	This packet gate module allows or forbids packets to pass through depending on whether the gate is open or closed as specified by the parameter. The gate can also be controlled by the user by manually changing the open parameter from the graphical user interface while the simulation is paused.
InterfaceRelayLayer	compound module	Combines the interface MAC address learning from incoming packets with the outgoing interface selection for outgoing packets into a single layer.
InterfaceService	compound module	(no description)
InterfaceTable	simple module	Keeps the table of network interfaces.
InterfaceTableCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes interface tables on a 2D canvas. It displays a label for each selected network interface at the owner network node.
InterfaceTableOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes interface tables on a 3D osg scene. It displays a label for each selected network interface at the owner network node.
InterfaceTableVisualizer	compound module	(no description)
InterfaceTableVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for interface table visualizer simple modules. It displays information of network interfaces at network nodes. Network interfaces are not displayed by default, see module parameters for how to enable the visualization.
InternetChecksumHeaderChecker	simple module	Checks Internet checksum headers in packets to verify data integrity. This module extends ChecksumHeaderChecker and specializes it to use the “internet” checksum type.
InternetChecksumHeaderInserter	simple module	Inserts Internet checksum headers into packets to enable data integrity verification. This module extends ChecksumHeaderInserter and specializes it to use the “internet” checksum type.
InternetCloud	compound module	InternetCloud models a large network such as part of the Internet or a corporate backbone network with realistic delay, packet loss, and datarate characteristics. It abstracts away the internal structure of the network while preserving the end-to-end behavior that applications would experience.
InterpacketGapInserter	simple module	Enforces a minimum time gap between consecutive packets, which is important for protocols like Ethernet that require an interpacket gap (IPG) or interframe spacing. This module delays packet transmission to ensure the configured minimum gap duration is maintained between packets. It can optionally use an external clock module for timing, and supports packet streaming.
InterpolatingAntenna	compound module	This antenna model computes the antenna gain from the direction of the signal using linear interpolation for all 3 Euler angles independently of each other. The gain parameters contain a sequence of angle [degree] and gain [dB] pairs. The first pair must be at 0 [degree].
IpApp	compound module	Generates traffic for a IP application. The traffic source and traffic sink modules can be built from queueing model elements.
IPsec	simple module	Implements basic IPsec (RFC 4301) functionality. It supports Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), in transport mode, for IPv4 and IPv6 unicast traffic (UDP/TCP/ICMP/ICMPv6). The address family is selected per instance via the `networkProtocol` parameter; the same module type is used in both the IPv4 and IPv6 network layers. A simple performance model to account for the overhead of cryptography is included. The IPsec databases SPD and SAD are stored in separate modules (SecurityPolicyDatabase, SecurityAssociationDatabase).
IpSinkApp	compound module	Implements an IP application that only receives packets.
IpSocketIo	simple module	Provides IP socket handling for generic applications.
IpSourceApp	compound module	Implements an IP application that only sends packets.
Ipv4	simple module	Implements the IPv4 protocol. The protocol header is represented by the Ipv4Header message class.
Ipv4Encap	simple module	Handles IPv4 encapsulation and decapsulation for network emulation. Adds IPv4 headers to outgoing packets and removes them from incoming packets. Processes packet tags for fields like TOS, DSCP, ECN, and hop limit. Supports socket operations and manages protocol registration for dispatching packets to the appropriate upper layer protocols.
Ipv4FlatNetworkConfigurator	simple module	Configures IPv4 addresses and routing tables for a “flat” network, “flat” meaning that all hosts and routers will have the same network address and will only differ in the host part.
Ipv4NatTable	simple module	Stores the network address translation table.
Ipv4NetworkConfigurator	simple module	Assigns IPv4 addresses and sets up static routing for an IPv4 network. It assigns per-interface IP addresses, strives to take subnets into account, and can also optimize the generated routing tables by merging routing entries.
Ipv4NetworkLayer	compound module	Network layer of an IPv4 node.
Ipv4NodeConfigurator	simple module	Configures the containing network node using information provided by the network’s global configurator modue Ipv4NetworkConfigurator.
Ipv4RoutingTable	simple module	Stores the routing table. (Per-interface configuration is stored in InterfaceTable.)
Ipv6	simple module	Implements the IPv6 protocol.
Ipv6FlatNetworkConfigurator	simple module	Configures IPv6 addresses and routing tables for a “flat” network, “flat” meaning that all hosts and routers will have the same network address and will only differ in the host part.
Ipv6NeighbourDiscovery	simple module	Implements IPv6 Neighbor Discovery.
Ipv6NetworkConfigurator	simple module	Assigns IPv6 addresses and sets up static routing for an IPv6 network. It assigns per-interface global IPv6 addresses based on prefix templates, and can configure static routes using Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm.
Ipv6NetworkLayer	compound module	Represents a complete IPv6 network layer (L3), to be used within hosts and routers. It connects to higher-layer protocols (TCP, UDP, …) on top and to the network interfaces below, and bundles the modules that together implement IPv6:
Ipv6NodeConfigurator	simple module	Configures the containing network node using information provided by the network’s global configurator module Ipv6NetworkConfigurator.
Ipv6RoutingTable	simple module	IPv6 Routing Table and Neighbor Discovery data structures. NOTE: This component MUST be named as `routingTable6` inside a StandardHost/Router etc. in order to be accessible by the Ipv6 and other modules.
Ipv6Tunnel	simple module	Worker module of ~Ipv6TunnelInterface: performs IPv6-in-IPv6 (RFC 2473) encapsulation. A packet routed to this interface (from the IPv6 layer) is wrapped in an outer IPv6 header and handed back to IPv6, which forwards the encapsulated datagram toward the tunnel exit.
Ipv6TunnelInterface	compound module	A virtual network interface that tunnels IPv6 traffic in IPv6 (RFC 2473). Traffic routed to this interface is encapsulated toward `destination` and handed back to IPv6 for forwarding; the IPv6 core needs no tunneling-specific knowledge. Plugs into the `tun[]` slot of nodes like any ITunnelInterface.
IpvxTrafGen	simple module	Sends IP or IPv6 datagrams to the given address at the given `sendInterval`. The `sendInterval` can be a constant or a random value (e.g. exponential(1)). If the `destAddresses` parameter contains more than one address, one of them is randomly chosen for each packet. An address may be given in the dotted decimal notation (or, for IPv6, in the usual notation with colons), or with the module name. (The `L3AddressResolver` class is used to resolve the address.) To disable the model, set `destAddresses` to “”.
IpvxTrafSink	simple module	Consumes and prints packets received from the IP module. Compatible with both Ipv4 and Ipv6.
IsotropicAntenna	compound module	This antenna model describes the theoretical point source which radiates the same intensity of radiation in all directions.
IsotropicDimensionalBackgroundNoise	compound module	This background noise model describes noise that does not change over space, time and frequency. It produces dimensional noise signals that can be further used in dimensional computations.
IsotropicScalarBackgroundNoise	compound module	This background noise model describes noise that does not change over space, time, and frequency. It produces scalar noise signals that can be further used in scalar computations.
L2NetworkConfigurator	simple module	Allows configuring network scenarios at layer 2. The Stp and Rstp related parameters such as link cost, port priority and the “is-edge” flag can be configured with XML files.
L2NodeConfigurator	simple module	Has one instance per network node, and it acts like a bridge between the node and the network’s global configurator module, L2NetworkConfigurator.
L3NetworkConfiguratorBase	simple module	Serves as a base module for layer 3 network configurators.
LabelClassifier	simple module	Classifies packets based on the attached labels in a LabelsTag.
LabelFilter	simple module	This packet filter module drops packets that don’t match the given packet label filter criteria. The criteria can use wildcards and Boolean operators.
LabelScheduler	simple module	Schedules packets based on the attached labels in a LabelsTag.
LayeredErrorModelBase	compound module	(no description)
LayeredEthernetInterface	compound module	Implements an Ethernet network interface.
LayeredProtocolBase	simple module	Module base for different layered protocols.
Ldp	simple module	Handles and processes LDP messages.
LdpMplsRouter	compound module	An LDP-capable MPLS router.
LeakyBucket	compound module	Implements a parameterizable leaky bucket algorithm.
LengthBasedAggregatorPolicy	simple module	A policy for aggregating subpackets based on their length
LengthBasedFragmenterPolicy	simple module	(no description)
LibTable	simple module	Stores the LIB (Label Information Base), accessed by Mpls and its associated control protocols (RsvpTe, Ldp) via direct C++ method calls.
LinearMobility	simple module	This is a linear mobility model with speed and angle parameters. Angle only changes when the mobile node hits a wall: then it reflects off the wall at the same angle.
LinkBreakCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes link breaks on a 2D canvas. It displays an icon for each link break in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes a link break. The icon is positioned at the midpoint of the link.
LinkBreakOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes link breaks on a 3D osg scene. It displays an icon for each link break in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes a link break. The icon is positioned at the middle point of the link.
LinkBreakVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg link break visualizers into a single module.
LinkBreakVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for link break visualizer simple modules. It keeps track of link breaks in a network. Link breaks are not displayed by default, see module parameters for how to enable the visualization. The actual visualization of link breaks is done in derived modules.
LinkLayerNodeBase	compound module	An extension of the basic node infrastructure with link layer functionality. Provides support for various network interfaces and link layer protocols, forming the foundation for network connectivity.
LinkStateRouting	simple module	Implements a very minimalistic link state routing protocol. Apart from the basic topology information, the current link usage is distributed to all participants in the network (by means of flooding).
LinkVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for link visualizer simple modules. It keeps track of active links in a network. A link between two network nodes is considered active if a packet has been sent recently between the corresponding layers. Active links are not displayed by default, see the module parameters for how to enable the visualization. The actual visualization of active links is done in derived modules.
LMac	compound module	Implementation of L-MAC (Lightweight Medium Access Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks).
LMacInterface	compound module	Implements a wireless network interface using the L-MAC protocol.
LocalDelivery	simple module	(no description)
LocalMobilityAnchor	compound module	An IPv6 router that acts as the Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 (RFC 5213) domain. It is the topological anchor for the mobile nodes’ home network prefixes: it holds the binding cache, terminates the bidirectional tunnels to the Mobile Access Gateways, and routes each mobile node’s home network prefix into the tunnel toward its currently serving gateway.
LogNormalShadowing	compound module	Path loss model that combines free space path loss with log-normal shadowing. Extends the deterministic free space model by adding a random component that follows a normal distribution with zero mean and configurable standard deviation (sigma). This accounts for signal variations due to obstacles and environmental factors, providing more realistic wireless signal propagation modeling than pure deterministic models.
Loopback	simple module	Loopback interface module implementation.
LoopbackInterface	compound module	Implements a loopback network interface.
MacForwardingTable	simple module	Handles the mapping between ports and MAC addresses.
MacForwardingTableConfigurator	simple module	Configures the forwarding database (MAC address table) of all network nodes in the network based on the automatically discovered network topology. The configurator uses the shortest path algorithm to determine the outgoing network interface for all network nodes and all destination network interfaces. The effect of this configuration is that the network can use the the GlobalArp module and completely eliminate the ARP protocol messages.
MacProtocolBase	simple module	Module base for different MAC protocols.
MacRelayUnit	simple module	Implements Ethernet switch functionality by relaying frames between different ports based on destination MAC addresses. Maintains a MAC address table that maps addresses to ports, learns addresses from incoming frames, and forwards frames appropriately. Handles unicast, multicast, and broadcast traffic according to standard Ethernet switching rules, with support for VLANs.
MacRelayUnitBase	simple module	Abstract base module for MAC relay unit implementations (Ethernet switches). Provides core functionality for MAC address learning and frame forwarding in bridged Ethernet networks. Contains functionality for maintaining a MAC address table that maps addresses to ports, learning addresses from incoming frames, and forwarding frames to appropriate interfaces. It is able to handle unicast, multicast, and broadcast traffic according to standard Ethernet switching rules.
MacService	compound module	(no description)
ManetRouter	compound module	A mobile node with ad hoc routing capabilities intended for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Extends AdhocHost by adding support for MANET routing protocols.
MapCommunicationCache	compound module	This communication cache model stores radio, transmission and reception related intermediate computation results in map data structures. It’s primarily useful for simulations with both static and dynamic radios, and with both short and long transmission durations.
MarkovClassifier	simple module	Implements a packet classifier using a Markov process that has as many states as output gates the classifier has. The output gate for a given packet is determined by the current state of the Markov process.
MarkovScheduler	simple module	Implements a packet scheduler using a Markov process that has as many states as input gates the scheduler has. The input gate for the next packet is determined by the current state of the Markov process.
MassMobility	simple module	This is a random mobility model for a mobile host with mass. It is the one used in “Optimized Smooth Handoffs in Mobile IP” by Perkins & Wang.
MatrixCloudDelayer	simple module	Delay module for InternetCloud. This is essentially equivalent to a full graph with edges being differently configured `DatarateChannel`’s. It delays and/or drops incoming packets based on rules specified in an xml configuration.
Mcf	compound module	IEEE 802.11 Mesh Coordination Function
MeasurementLayer	compound module	(no description)
MediumCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes a medium on a 2D canvas. It displays communication ranges and interference ranges as circles around network nodes. It displays an image at network nodes which are currently transmitting, and a different image at other network nodes which are currently receiving. It also displays radio signals as a 2D ring or a 3D sphere as they propagate through the medium.
MediumLimitCache	compound module	Caches various limits and constraints of the radio medium to optimize performance. Maintains information about maximum transmission power, minimum interference and reception power, maximum antenna gain, communication and interference ranges, and other parameters. These limits can be specified directly or computed dynamically based on the radios in the network.
MediumOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes a medium using a 3D osg scene. It displays communication ranges and interference ranges as circles around network nodes. It displays an image at network nodes which are currently transmitting, and a different image at other network nodes which are currently receiving. It also displays radio signals as a growing 2D ring or a 3D sphere as they propagate through the medium. All 2D shapes such as circles, rings, and images can be displayed in 4 different planes: camera, xy, xz, and yz. It’s also possible to use animated images.
MediumVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg medium visualizers into a single module.
MediumVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for medium visualizer simple modules. It keeps track of ongoing signal departures, ongoing signal arrivals, and propagating signals.
MessageChecker	simple module	Module that allows checking fields of messages.
MessageDispatcher	simple module	Facilitates the interconnection of applications, protocols, and network interfaces, dispatching messages and packets among them. It supports diverse configurations, ranging from layered architectures with distinct message dispatchers for separate communication layers, to centralized structures where a single dispatcher manages connections to all components.
Mipv6	simple module	Implements Mobile IPv6 (RFC 3775): the mobility signalling and binding management logic for a mobile node, home agent, or correspondent node (the role is selected by the `isMobileNode` and `isHomeAgent` parameters). It is a submodule of Ipv6NetworkLayer (enabled by its `hasMipv6` parameter) and works together with the BindingUpdateList and BindingCache modules.
Mldv1	simple module	Implements MLDv1 (RFC 2710): Multicast Listener Discovery for IPv6 – the IPv6 equivalent of Igmpv2. A single module performs both the host listener role and the router querier role; the router role is active only on multicast routers (i.e. when IPv6 multicast forwarding is enabled on the node).
Mldv2	simple module	Implements MLDv2 (RFC 3810): Multicast Listener Discovery version 2 for IPv6 – the IPv6 equivalent of Igmpv3, and the source-filtering successor to Mldv1. Beyond plain group membership, MLDv2 lets a host request a group’s traffic while INCLUDING or EXCLUDING a specific set of sources – the basis for Source-Specific Multicast (SSM). A single module performs both the host listener role and the multicast-router (querier) role; the router role is active only on multicast routers (i.e. when IPv6 multicast forwarding is enabled on the node).
MoBanCoordinator	simple module	This is the coordinator module of the MoBAN mobility model. It should be instantiated in the top level simulation network in MiXiM, once per WBAN. The coordinator module is the main module that provides the group mobility and correlation between nodes in a WBAN. In the initialization phase, it reads three user-defined input files which are the posture specification file, a configuration file which includes all required parameters for specific distributions, and the previously logged mobility pattern if it is requested to use a logged pattern. Note that all WBAN instances may use the same input files if they are exactly in the same situation.
MoBanLocal	simple module	This is the local mobility module of MoBAN. It should be instantiated in each node that belongs to a WBAN. The NED parameter `coordinatorIndex` determines to which WBAN (`MoBanCoordinator`) it belongs. The current implementation uses the Random Walk Mobility Model (RWMM) for individual (local) movement with a sphere around the node, with given speed and sphere radius of the current posture. The reference point of the node is the current posture, the sphere radius, and the speed is given by the corresponding coordinator. RWMM determines the location of a node at any time relative to the given reference point.
MobileAccessGateway	compound module	An IPv6 access router that acts as a Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 (RFC 5213) domain. It detects mobile nodes attaching to and detaching from its access links, sends Proxy Binding Updates to the Local Mobility Anchor on their behalf, sets up the tunnel to the anchor, and advertises each mobile node’s home network prefix on the access link so the (unmodified) mobile node keeps its address as it roams between gateways.
MobileHost6	compound module	A host with Mobile IPv6 support. Extends the standard IPv6 host (StandardHost6) with mobility management capabilities.
MobilityBase	simple module	Abstract base module for mobility models.
MobilityCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes multiple mobilities on a 2D canvas. It moves visual representations according to their mobility model. It also displays recent movement as a polyline, current velocity vector, and current orientation.
MobilityOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes multiple mobilities on a 3D osg scene. It moves the visual representation according to their mobility model. It also displays recent movement as a polyline, current velocity vector, and current orientation.
MobilityVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg mobility visualizers into a single module.
MobilityVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for mobility visualizer simple modules. It subscribes to the `mobilityStateChanged` signal in the module determined by the `visualizationSubjectModule` parameter. The actual visualization of mobility is done in derived modules.
Module	compound module	Base module for all INET compound modules.
ModuleDump	simple module	(no description)
ModuleMixin	simple module	Base module for all INET modules.
MovingMobilityBase	simple module	Abstract base module for mobility models.
Mpls	simple module	Implements the MPLS protocol.
MplsRouterBase	compound module	Base module for MPLS-capable routers. Extends the standard Router with the MPLS data plane (Mpls, LibTable) and the Traffic Engineering Database (Ted, LinkStateRouting) common to all MPLS signaling protocols.
Mrp	simple module	Implements the Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP) as specified in IEC 62439-2. MRP is used for managing redundancy in ring network topologies commonly found in industrial network settings. MRP is similar in its function to STP and RSTP, in that it ensures a loop-free topology for an Ethernet local area network. This module implements the Media Redundancy Manager (MRM), Media Redundancy Client (MRC), and Media Redundancy Automanager (MRA) roles. This model also includes support for detecting link errors with the help of Continuity Check Messages (CCM) messages defined in 802.1q CFM.
MrpInterconnection	simple module	Implements ring interconnection support for the Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP) as specified in IEC 62439-2. This is an extension of the Mrp module with the Media Redundancy Interconnection Manager (MIM) and Media Redundancy Interconnection Client (MIC) roles. This module should be used instead of Mrp in MRP nodes that are also ring interconnection nodes.
MrpMacForwardingTable	simple module	This is a variant of MacForwardingTable, with added support for the Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP) defined in IEC 62439-2.
MrpRelay	simple module	Relay unit with support for the Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP), defined in IEC 62439-2.
MrpSwitch	compound module	An Ethernet switch with Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP) support. It extends the standard EthernetSwitch by enabling the MRP functionality.
MulticastRouter	compound module	A router with multicast routing capabilities that can forward multicast traffic between different network segments.
MulticastRouter6	compound module	An IPv6 router with multicast routing capabilities. It is the IPv6 counterpart of ~MulticastRouter: it extends the IPv6 Router6 node (no IPv4 stack; routingTableModule already points at the IPv6 routing table), enables Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) and multicast forwarding, and binds the whole PIM compound (both PIM-DM and PIM-SM) to the IPv6 stack via pim.addressFamily = “ipv6”.
MultiClock	compound module	Multi-clock aggregator and switch.
MultiDomainGptp	compound module	Combines multiple Gptp modules, one per time domain into a multi time domain time synchronization module. Each gPTP time domain is automatically configured to use the corresponding subclock of the clock passed into this module.
MultiFieldClassifier	simple module	This classifier contains a list of filters that identifies the flows and determines their classes. Each filter can match the source and destination address, IP protocol number, source and destination ports, or ToS of the datagram. The first matching filter determines the index of the out gate. If no matching filter is found, then the packet will be sent through the `defaultOut` gate.
MultiMeasurementLayer	compound module	(no description)
MultiPacketFilter	compound module	Combines multiple packet filters into one.
MultiPacketMeter	compound module	Combines multiple packet meters into one.
MultiPacketPolicing	compound module	Combines multiple packet policing modules into one.
MultiTokenBucketClassifier	simple module	Classifies packets into the first bucket that contains the required number of tokens. The packet is forwarded to the output gate that corresponds to the selected bucket.
MultiTokenBucketMeter	simple module	Labels packets according to the first token bucket that contains the required number of tokens. If no such token bucket is found then the default label is attached to the packet.
NakagamiFading	compound module	Implements the Nakagami fading model for wireless signal propagation. This statistical model extends the free space path loss model by adding multipath fading effects. The shapeFactor parameter determines the severity of fading, with lower values representing more severe fading conditions. When shapeFactor equals 1, the Nakagami distribution reduces to the Rayleigh distribution, modeling severe multipath with no line-of-sight component.
NarrowbandRadioBase	compound module	Serves as a base module for narrowband radio models.
NarrowbandReceiverBase	compound module	Serves as a base module for narrowband receiver models.
NarrowbandTransmitterBase	compound module	Serves as a base module for narrowband transmitter models.
NeighborListNeighborCache	compound module	This neighbor cache model maintains a separate periodically updated neighbor list for each radio.
NetfilterInfoHook	simple module	(no description)
NetPerfMeter	simple module	Application model for comparing the performance of various transport protocols.
NetworkConfiguratorBase	simple module	(no description)
NetworkConnectionCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes multiple network connections on a 2D canvas.
NetworkConnectionOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes multiple network connections on a 3D OSG scene.
NetworkConnectionVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and OSG connection visualizers into a single module.
NetworkConnectionVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for connection visualizer simple modules. The actual visualization of network connections is done in derived modules.
NetworkInterface	compound module	Serves as the base module for all network interfaces.
NetworkLayerNodeBase	compound module	An extension of the link layer node base with network layer functionality. Provides support for multiple network protocols, including IPv4 and IPv6.
NetworkNodeCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes multiple network nodes on a 2D canvas. It maintains a `NetworkNodeCanvasVisualization` figure for each node in the network which can be annotated by other visualizers.
NetworkNodeOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes multiple network nodes on a 3D osg scene. The visual representation is either a 3D external model or a 2D icon that is rotated automatically towards the camera. The 3D external model is specified in the `osgModel` module parameter of the network node. The 2D icon is the image specified in the display string of the network node. The visualizer maintains a `NetworkNodeOsgVisualization` instance for each network node which can be annotated by other visualizers.
NetworkNodeVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg node visualizers into a single module.
NetworkNodeVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for node visualizer simple modules. The actual visualization of network nodes is done in derived modules.
NetworkProtocolBase	simple module	Module base for different network protocols.
NetworkRouteCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes network routes on a 2D canvas. It displays a polyline arrow for each active route in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes an active route. The arrow points from the source towards the destination. If a link is used in both directions, then there are arrowheads on both ends of the arrow. Each polyline fades out over time until the route becomes inactive unless it is reinforced by another packet. The polyline automatically follows the movement of mobile nodes.
NetworkRouteOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes network routes on a 3D osg scene. It displays a polyline for each active route in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes an active route. Each polyline fades out over time until the route becomes inactive unless it is reinforced by another packet. The polyline automatically follows the movement of mobile nodes.
NetworkRouteVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg network route visualizers into a single module.
NextHopForwarding	simple module	A simplified next hop forwarding that routes datagrams using different kinds of network addresses.
NextHopNetworkConfigurator	simple module	Adds routes to a NextHopRoutingTable similarly to how Ipv4NetworkConfigurator adds static routes to the Ipv4RoutingTable.
NextHopNetworkLayer	compound module	Provides a network layer for the next hop forwarding.
NextHopRoutingTable	simple module	Stores next hop routes used by the next hop forwarding protocol.
NoClockServo	compound module	No-op clock servo.
NodeBase	compound module	The fundamental infrastructure for all network nodes focusing on non-communication aspects of network nodes.
NodeStatus	simple module	Keeps track of the status of the network node (up, down, etc.) for other modules, and also displays it as a small overlay icon on this module and on the module of the network node.
NoiseSource	compound module	A network node that generates periodic noise transmissions that can interfere with wireless communications. Alternates between sleep and transmission states based on configurable intervals. Uses a NoiseTransmitter to create noise signals with specified duration, frequency, bandwidth, and power parameters. Useful for testing protocol robustness against interference in wireless networks.
NoiseTransmitter	compound module	Transmitter module that generates noise signals with configurable parameters. Creates noise transmissions with specified duration, center frequency, bandwidth, and power. Used by NoiseSource to produce interference in wireless networks for testing protocol robustness and simulating realistic channel conditions.
NonQosRecoveryProcedure	simple module	Implements frame retransmission and recovery procedures for non-QoS frames in IEEE 802.11 networks. Manages short and long retry counters, adjusts contention window size based on transmission outcomes, and enforces retry limits. Handles different retry procedures for frames below and above the RTS threshold as specified in IEEE 802.11 standard section 9.19.2.6.
Ns2MotionMobility	simple module
OmittedEthernetEncapsulation	compound module	Implements the given module interface and can be used as an optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedIeee8021dQosClassifier	compound module	Implements the given module interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedIeee8021qTagEpdHeaderChecker	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedIeee8021qTagEpdHeaderInserter	compound module	Implements the module given by the interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedIeee8021qTagTpidHeaderChecker	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialize.
OmittedIeee8021qTagTpidHeaderInserter	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedIeee8022Llc	compound module	Implements the given module interface and can be used as an optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedIeee8022LlcChecker	compound module	Implements the given module interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedIeee8022LlcInserter	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialize.
OmittedIeee8022LlcLayer	compound module	Implements the module given an interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedIeee8022SnapChecker	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedIeee8022SnapInserter	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedMeasurementLayer	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedPacketDelayer	compound module	Implements the given module interface and can be used as an optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedPacketFilter	compound module	Implements the given module interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedPacketFlow	compound module	Implements the given module interface and can be used as an optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedPacketGate	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedPacketMeter	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialize.
OmittedPacketQueue	compound module	Implements the given module interface and can be used as an optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedPacketServer	compound module	Implements the given interface and can be used as an optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedProcessingDelayLayer	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedProtocolLayer	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedSocketLayer	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialize.
OmittedTrafficConditioner	compound module	Implements the given module interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OmittedTrafficConditionerLayer	compound module	Implements the module given interface and can be used as an omitted optional module that removes itself from the module hierarchy during initialization.
OnoeRateControl	simple module	Implements ONOE, a credit-based rate control algorithm originally developed by Atheros.
OpenStreetMapSceneCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes a stream map given in an OpenStreetMap (openstreetmap.org) file. Other objects of the scene are placed on the map according to the coordinate system module.
OrdinalBasedDropper	simple module	Drops packets based on the ordinal number of the packet in the received stream of packets.
OrdinalBasedDuplicator	simple module	Duplicates packets based on the ordinal number of the packet in the received stream of packets.
OriginatorAckPolicy	simple module	Implements the default originator ACK policy for non-QoS stations.
OriginatorBlockAckAgreementHandler	simple module	Manages Block Acknowledgment (Block Ack) agreements for the originator side in IEEE 802.11 networks. Handles the creation, maintenance, and termination of Block Ack agreements with receivers. Processes ADDBA requests/responses and DELBA frames, tracks agreement timeouts, and maintains the state of active agreements. Enables efficient acknowledgment of multiple frames with a single Block Ack frame.
OriginatorBlockAckAgreementPolicy	simple module	Implements the default originator block ACK agreement policy
OriginatorMacDataService	compound module	Implements the MAC data service for the originator (sender) side in non-QoS IEEE 802.11 networks. Processes outgoing frames by assigning sequence numbers and performing fragmentation based on the configured policy. Follows the MAC data plane architecture described in IEEE 802.11 standard to prepare frames for transmission.
OriginatorProtectionMechanism	simple module	Calculates the Duration/ID field for IEEE 802.11 frames to implement the Network Allocation Vector (NAV) mechanism for virtual carrier sensing. This module computes appropriate duration values for different frame types (RTS, data, management) based on IEEE 802.11 standard rules. For RTS frames, it calculates time needed for the complete RTS-CTS-DATA-ACK exchange.
OriginatorQosAckPolicy	simple module	Implements the default originator ACK policy for QoS stations.
OriginatorQosMacDataService	compound module	Implements the MAC data service for the originator (sender) side in IEEE 802.11 QoS networks. Extends the basic MAC data service with QoS capabilities including MSDU aggregation (A-MSDU) and MPDU aggregation (A-MPDU). Processes outgoing frames by assigning sequence numbers, performing aggregation, and fragmentation based on configured policies. Follows the MAC data plane architecture described in IEEE 802.11 standard.
OscillatorBase	simple module	Base module for oscillators.
OscillatorBasedClock	compound module	Oscillator-driven clock.
OsgEarthGround	compound module	Models a ground surface using OsgEarth’s elevation data. Provides methods to compute ground projections and normals based on real-world terrain information. Requires OsgEarth integration to be enabled during compilation and depends on a SceneOsgEarthVisualizer for accessing the map and a coordinate system for geographic conversions.
OsgGeographicCoordinateSystem	simple module	Provides an accurate geographic coordinate system using the built-in OSG API. This is mostly useful for local 3D visualizations created with osgEarth. Scene coordiantes are in meters relative to the scene origin.
OspfRouter	compound module	A router that uses the Open Shortest Path First version 2 (OSPFv2) routing protocol. It extends the standard Router module with OSPF functionality enabled.
Ospfv2	simple module	Implements the OSPFv2 routing protocol.
Ospfv3	compound module	Implements the OSPFv3 (Open Shortest Path First version 3) routing protocol for IPv4 and IPv6 networks. This module supports dynamic routing based on link state advertisements, allowing routers to discover and maintain routes to all destinations in an autonomous system.
Ospfv3Process	simple module	Represents a single OSPFv3 routing process within a router. Handles the core functionality of the OSPFv3 protocol including neighbor discovery, database synchronization, shortest path calculation, and route installation. Multiple processes can run simultaneously on a router, each with its own process ID and router ID.
Ospfv3Router	compound module	A router that uses the Open Shortest Path First version 3 (OSPFv3) routing protocol. It extends the standard Router module with OSPFv3 functionality and IPv6 support.
Ospfv3Splitter	simple module	(no description)
PacketBasedTokenGenerator	simple module	Generates tokens into the configured TokenBasedServer for each consumed packet.
PacketBuffer	simple module	Provides packet storage for sharing and optimizing storage space between multiple packet queues. When a packet buffer becomes overloaded, the packet dropping strategy can drop any number of packets from any number of connected packet queues.
PacketBufferBase	simple module	Base module for various packet buffer modules which maintains a few statistics.
PacketClassifier	simple module	Connects one packet producer to multiple packet consumers. It can be pushed with packets from the connected packet producer. When this happens, the classifier pushes the packet to one of its connected packet consumers based on the configured packet classifier function. The packet classifier function takes a packet and returns an integer which in turn is used for determining the output gate.
PacketClassifierBase	simple module	Base module for various packet classifier modules. Derived modules must implement a single packet classifier function which determines the index of the output gate for the next pushed packet.
PacketCloner	simple module	Connects one packet producer to one packet consumer. It can be pushed with packets from the connected packet producer. When this happens, a separate copy of the packet is pushed to each output gate.
PacketDelayer	simple module	Connects one packet producer to one packet consumer. It can be pushed with packets from the connected packet producer. When this happens, the packet is delayed and eventually pushed to the output. Note that the order of packets may change if the delay parameter is configured to be a distribution.
PacketDelayerBase	simple module	Base module for packet delayer implementations. Provides common functionality for delaying packets for a specified amount of time before forwarding them. Supports clock synchronization, scheduling priorities, and zero-delay handling. Adds delay-related tags to packets for tracking and analysis.
PacketDemultiplexer	simple module	Connects multiple packet collectors to one packet provider. When a packet is pulled by one of the connected packet collectors, then the demultiplexer simply pulls a packet from the connected packet provider.
PacketDeserializer	simple module	(no description)
PacketDestreamer	simple module	Takes packets streamed to its input and passes them to its output.
PacketDirectionReverser	simple module	Part of the layer 2 architecture. It turns an incoming packet into an outgoing packet simply by removing all attached indication tags and turning some of them into an attached request tag on the packet.
PacketDropCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes packet drops on a 2D canvas. It displays an icon for each packet drop in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes a packet drop.
PacketDropOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes packet drops on a 3D osg scene. It displays an icon for each packet drop in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes a packet drop.
PacketDropVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg packet drop visualizers into a single module.
PacketDropVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for packet drop visualizer simple modules. It keeps track of dropped packets in a network. Packet drops are not displayed by default, see module parameters for how to enable the visualization. The actual visualization of packet drops is done in derived modules.
PacketDuplicator	simple module	Connects one packet producer to one packet consumer. It can be pushed with packets from the connected packet producer. When this happens, one or more copies of the packet are pushed to the output gate.
PacketDuplicatorBase	simple module	Base type for packet duplicator implementations. Provides common functionality for creating and forwarding multiple copies of incoming packets.
PacketEmitter	simple module	(no description)
PacketFilter	simple module	Filters packets that match the configured filter criteria. When the filter is pushed by a connected packet producer, it either pushes the packet to the connected packet consumer or drops it depending on the configured packet filter. Similarly, when the filter is pulled by a connected packet collector, it pulls packets from the connected packet provider until it finds one that matches the configured packet filter.
PacketFilterBase	simple module	Base module for various packet filter modules. Derived modules must implement a single packet matcher function which determines if a packet is to be passed through or filtered out.
PacketFlowBase	simple module	Base module for various packet flow modules. A packet flow module passes or streams all pushed or pulled packets after processing them from its input to its output.
PacketFlowCanvasVisualizer	simple module	(no description)
PacketFlowOsgVisualizer	simple module	(no description)
PacketFlowPcapFileRecorder	simple module	Records packets passing through the module to a PCAP or PCAPNG file. The file format, and fields like network type, time precision, and direction flag can be configured. It supports truncation of long packets. It can also be configured to flush the file after each write to ensure all packets are captured even in case of a crash.
PacketFlowVisualizer	compound module	(no description)
PacketGate	simple module	Allows or forbids packets to pass through depending on whether the gate is open or closed.
PacketGateBase	simple module	Base module for various packet gate modules.
PacketHistory	compound module	Connects one packet producer to one packet consumer. It can be pushed with packets from the connected packet producer. It keeps a copy of the last N packets pushed into its input. The packets are available in the runtime user interface (Qtenv) for inspection.
PacketLabeler	simple module	Attaches a LabelsTag to packets based on the configured filters. For each matching filter, a new label is attached.
PacketLabelerBase	simple module	Base module for various packet labeler modules.
PacketMarkerBase	simple module	Base module for various packet marker modules. Derived modules must implement a single `markPacket()` function which marks the individual packets by attaching tags.
PacketMeterBase	simple module	(no description)
PacketMeterBase	simple module	Base module for various packet meter modules. Derived modules must implement a single `meterPacket()` function which meters the flow of and attaches the required tags.
PacketMultiplexer	simple module	Connects multiple packet producers to one packet consumer. When a packet is pushed by one of the connected packet producers, then the multiplexer simply pushes the packet to the connected packet consumer.
PacketPolicing	compound module	Combines a packet meter and a packet filter into a packet policing module. The meter measures the packet flow that is passing through and attaches some meta information to the packets. The filter drops the packets that do not match the implemented filter criteria.
PacketProcessorBase	simple module	Base module for various packet processing modules which maintains a few statistics.
PacketPullerBase	simple module	Base module for various packet puller modules.
PacketPusherBase	simple module	Base module for various packet pusher modules.
PacketPushToSend	simple module	Acts as an adapter between the queueing framework and standard OMNeT++ modules. It receives packets through the push mechanism (as a passive packet sink) and forwards them using the standard OMNeT++ send operation. This module is useful for connecting queueing components to non-queueing modules that expect to receive packets via message sending.
PacketQueue	simple module	Implements a configurable packet queue, which is suitable for use in MAC protocols, traffic conditioning, and quality of services, among others. This is a passive component: packets are pushed into it on its input, and pulled from it on its output. This module can be used on its own, but it’s also often supplemented by additional queueing components such as servers, classifiers, schedulers, multiplexers, etc. This kind of composition allows to form a larger module which can act as a packet queue with more complex behavior.
PacketQueueBase	simple module	Base module for various packet queue modules which maintains a few statistics.
PacketReceiver	simple module	Receives signals from the physical medium (wire) as a whole. It also sends up packets to the upper layer as a whole.
PacketReceiverBase	simple module	(no description)
PacketScheduler	simple module	Connects one packet collector to multiple packet providers. When the packet collector pulls a pull packet from it, the scheduler pulls a packet from one of its packet providers based on the configured scheduler function. The packet scheduler function takes a list of packet providers and returns an integer which in turn is used for determining the input gate.
PacketSchedulerBase	simple module	Base module for various packet scheduler modules. Derived modules must implement a single packet scheduler function which determines the index of the input gate for the pulled packet.
PacketSendToPush	simple module	Adapter module that converts packet sending to packet pushing. When it receives a packet as a message through its input gate, it pushes the packet to the connected consumer module through its output gate. Serves as a bridge between different packet handling mechanisms in protocol stacks and packet processing pipelines.
PacketSerializer	simple module	Serializes packets flowing from its input to its output.
PacketServer	simple module	Repeatedly pulls packets from the connected packet provider and after a processing delay, it pushes the packet into the connected packet consumer. The processing delay is `processingTime` + `packetLength` / `processingBitrate`.
PacketServerBase	simple module	Base module for various packet server modules.
PacketShaper	compound module	Combines a packet queue and a packet gate into a packet shaper module. The queue stores the packets sorted according to its ordering and the gate decides when the first packet can be pulled from the queue.
PacketSinkBase	simple module	Base module for various packet sink modules.
PacketSourceBase	simple module	Base module for various packet source modules. Packets are created randomly with regard to packet length and packet data. The representation of packet data can also be configured.
PacketStreamer	simple module	Takes packets passed to its input and streams them to its output.
PacketTagger	simple module	Attaches various request tags to packets.
PacketTaggerBase	simple module	Base module for various packet tagger modules.
PacketTransmitter	simple module	Receives packets from the upper layer as a whole. It also sends signals to the transmission medium (wire) as a whole.
PacketTransmitterBase	simple module	(no description)
PaddingInserter	simple module	Adds padding to packets to ensure they meet a minimum length requirement or to round up to a specific length. This module calculates the required padding length based on the packet’s current length and the configured parameters. If padding is needed, it adds either a ByteCountChunk (for byte-aligned padding) or a BitCountChunk (for bit-level padding) at the specified position (front or back of the packet). This is commonly used in protocols that require packets to have a minimum size or to align to specific boundaries.
ParabolicAntenna	compound module	Defines an antenna based on a parabolic approximation of the main lobe radiation pattern. A similar model appears in
PassivePacketSink	simple module	A passive packet sink which is pushed with packets by the connected packet producer. All pushed packets are counted and deleted.
PassivePacketSinkBase	simple module	Base module for various active packet sink modules.
PassivePacketSource	simple module	A passive packet source which can be pulled for packets from the connected packet collector.
PassivePacketSourceBase	simple module	Base module for various active packet source modules.
PathVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for path visualizer simple modules. It keeps track of active routes in a network. A route between two nodes is considered active if a packet is sent recently between their corresponding layers. Active routes are not displayed by default, see the module parameters for how to enable the visualization. The actual visualization of active routes is done in derived modules.
PcapFilePacketConsumer	simple module	A passive packet sink which is pushed with packets by the connected packet producer. All pushed packets are written to a PCAP file.
PcapFilePacketProducer	simple module	An active packet source which pushes packets into the connected packet consumer. All pushed packets are read from a PCAP file.
PcapRecorder	simple module	Records PCAP traces of frames sent/received by other modules within the same host. By default, it records frames sent/received by L2 modules of StandardHost and Router. The output filename is expected in the `pcapFile` parameter. The `PcapRecorder` module can also print tcpdump-like textual information on the log (EV); this functionality can be controlled by the verbose parameter.
Pcf	compound module	IEEE 802.11 Point Coordination Function
PcpClassifier	simple module	Classifies packets based on the attached PCP value [0, 7]. The PCP is determined by a `PcpReq` or a `PcpInd` or both. The output gate index is the ith value in the `pcpToGateIndex` parameter.
PcpTrafficClassClassifier	compound module	Classifies packets based on the attached PCP value [0, 7]. The PCP is determined by a `PcpReq` or a `PcpInd` or both. The output gate index is the value found in the mapping matrix using the PCP value as the row index and the number of connected consumers (traffic categories) as the column index.
PeerService	compound module	(no description)
PendingQueue	simple module	Implements a priority queue for IEEE 802.11 MAC frames. Uses a comparator to determine the order in which frames are processed. By default, prioritizes management frames over data frames, but can be configured to use different prioritization schemes such as management over multicast over unicast frames.
PeriodicGate	simple module	Allows or forbids packets to pass through depending on whether the gate is open or closed. The gate is open and closed according to the list of change times periodically.
PhysicalEnvironment	compound module	The propagation of communication signals, the movement of communicating agents, or battery exhaustion depends on the surrounding physical environment. For example, signals can be absorbed by objects, can pass through objects, can be refracted by surfaces, can be reflected from surfaces, etc.
PhysicalEnvironmentCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes a physical environment on a 2D canvas. It displays the physical objects present in the physical environment. Since this is not a 3D visualization, the physical objects are projected to a 2D plane according to the view angle of the corresponding SceneCanvasVisualizer. Apart from this, the visualizer considers all object properties that affect the appearance such as position, orientation, shape, colors, opacity, etc.
PhysicalEnvironmentOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes a physical environment on a 3D osg scene. It displays the physical objects present in the physical environment. The visualizer considers all object properties that affect appearance such as position, orientation, shape, colors, opacity, etc.
PhysicalEnvironmentVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and OSG physical environment visualizers into a single module.
PhysicalEnvironmentVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for physical environment visualizer simple modules. It provides the physical objects through the physical environment module for derived modules. The actual visualization of physical objects is done in derived modules.
PhysicalLayerBase	simple module	Module base for different physical layers.
PhysicalLinkCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes physical layer links on a 2D canvas. It displays an arrow for each active link in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes an active link. The arrow points from the source towards the destination. If a link is used in both directions then there are separate arrows for them. Each arrow fades out over time as the link becomes inactive unless it is reinforced by another packet. The arrow automatically follows the movement of mobile nodes.
PhysicalLinkOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes physical layer links on a 3D osg scene. It displays an arrow for each active link in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes an active link. The arrow points from the source towards the destination. If a link is used in both directions, then there are separate arrows for them. Each arrow fades out over time as the link becomes inactive unless it is reinforced by another packet. The arrow automatically follows the movement of mobile nodes.
PhysicalLinkVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg data link visualizers into a single module.
PhysicalLinkVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for physical layer link visualizer simple modules. It keeps track of active links in a network. A link between two network nodes is considered active if a packet is sent recently between their physical layers. Active links are not displayed by default, see the module parameters for how to enable the visualization. The actual visualization of active links is done in derived modules.
Pim	compound module	Implements the Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) routing protocol for IP multicast. This module integrates both PIM-DM (Dense Mode) and PIM-SM (Sparse Mode) implementations, using a splitter to direct packets to the appropriate mode based on interface configuration. PIM builds distribution trees for efficient multicast data delivery across IP networks.
PimChecksumInsertionHook	simple module	Provides CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) insertion functionality for PIM packets. This hook ensures data integrity by calculating and inserting CRC values into outgoing PIM protocol messages before they are transmitted over the network.
PimDm	simple module	Implementation of PIM-DM protocol (RFC 3973).
PimInterfaceTable	simple module	The `PimInterfaceTable` module contains the PIM specific configuration parameters and state of the interfaces on which PIM is enabled.
PimNeighborTable	simple module	The `PimNeighborTable` module contains information about neighboring PIM routers.
PimSm	simple module	Implementation of PIM-SM protocol (RFC 4601).
PimSplitter	simple module	PimSplitter module dispatches PIM packets received from the network layer according to the PIM mode of the incoming interface. By using a PimSplitter it is possible to build nodes that operate in Dense Mode on some interfaces, and in Sparse Mode on others.
PingApp	simple module	Generates ping requests to several hosts (or rather, network interfaces), and calculates the packet loss and round trip times of the replies. It works exactly like ‘ping’ except that it is possible to specify several destination addresses as a space separated list of IP addresses or module names. (The `L3AddressResolver` class is used to resolve the address.) Specifying ‘*’ allows pinging ALL configured network interfaces in the whole simulation. This is useful to check if a host can reach ALL other hosts in the network (i.e. routing tables were set up properly).
Pmipv6	simple module	Implements Proxy Mobile IPv6 (RFC 5213): network-based mobility management. Unlike Mobile IPv6 (Mipv6), the mobile node runs no mobility software; the network handles mobility through two entities, both implemented by this module and selected by the `isLocalMobilityAnchor` / `isMobileAccessGateway` parameters:
Ppp	simple module	PPP implementation.
PppInterface	compound module	Implements a PPP network interface.
PreemptableStreamer	simple module	Takes packets passed to its input and streams them to its output.
PreemptingServer	simple module	(no description)
PriorityBuffer	simple module	This buffer drops packets among the connected packet queues based on their module ID.
PriorityClassifier	simple module	This classifier pushes packets into the first non-full among its connected packet consumers.
PriorityQueue	compound module	Implements a priority queue with multiple inner queues and an optional shared memory buffer.
PriorityScheduler	simple module	This scheduler pulls packets from the first non-empty among its connected packet providers.
PriorityShaper	compound module	Combines a classifier, a scheduler, and several traffic shapers into a single packet shaper. Packets are classified into one of the traffic shapers, and the scheduler prioritizes among them.
ProbabilisticBroadcast	simple module	Multi-hop ad-hoc data dissemination protocol based on probabilistic broadcast.
Probe	compound module	A minimal wireless network node that consists only of an antenna and mobility model. Designed for monitoring wireless signals without actively participating in network communication.
ProcessingDelayLayer	compound module	(no description)
PropagationBase	compound module	Serves as a base module for propagation models.
ProtocolChecker	simple module	(no description)
QosAckHandler	simple module	Manages acknowledgment handling for QoS frames in IEEE 802.11 networks. Tracks the status of transmitted frames, processes received acknowledgments (both normal ACKs and Block ACKs), and handles different acknowledgment policies. Supports QoS-specific features including Traffic Identifier (TID) based frame tracking and Block ACK mechanisms, enabling reliable frame delivery with Quality of Service guarantees.
QosClassifier	simple module	Classifies packets and assigns a User Priority based on the IP protocol or the transport protocol port numbers.
QosCtsPolicy	simple module	Implements the default CTS policy for QoS stations.
QosRateSelection	simple module	Implements rate selection for IEEE 802.11 QoS frames. Selects appropriate transmission rates for different frame types (data, management, control, response) based on configured parameters and dynamic conditions. Supports different bitrates for multicast frames, response frames (ACK, CTS, BlockAck), and can use a rate control module for dynamic rate adaptation.
QosRecoveryProcedure	simple module	Implements frame retransmission and recovery procedures for QoS frames in IEEE 802.11 networks. Manages retry counters for failed transmissions, adjusts contention window size, and enforces retry limits. Maintains separate short and long retry counters based on frame size relative to RTS threshold, and tracks per-TID frame status to support Quality of Service requirements.
QosRtsPolicy	simple module	Implements the default RTS policy for QoS stations.
QuadTreeNeighborCache	compound module	This neighbor cache model organizes radios in a two-dimensional quad tree (ignoring the Z axis) with a constant node size and updates periodically.
QueueBasedTokenGenerator	simple module	Generates tokens for a TokenBasedServer based on the observed state changes of a packet queue. Its primary purpose is to allow applications to produce traffic which completely utilizes a network interface. This is achieved by generating tokens whenever the observed packet queue becomes empty.
QueueCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes queues on a 2D canvas.
QueueFiller	compound module	Produces packets in order to prevent a queue from becoming empty.
QueueingPacketDelayer	compound module	Compound module that delays packets for a specified amount of time while preserving their order. Implements the IPacketDelayer interface using a queue and server architecture. The queue stores packets while they wait, and the server processes each packet with a processing time equal to the configured delay. Note that the actual packet delay will be the sum of the queueing time and the configured delay. Unlike the simple PacketDelayer module, this implementation always maintains packet order regardless of delay distribution.
QueueOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes queues on a 3D osg scene.
QueueVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg queue visualizers into a single module.
QueueVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for queue visualizer simple modules.
Quic	simple module	Implements the QUIC protocol. For other implementations, see IQuic.
QuicClient	simple module	(no description)
QuicDiscardServer	simple module	A QUIC server that reads and discards all received data.
QuicOrderedReceiver	simple module	A QUIC server that reads and discards all received data.
QuicOrderedTrafficgen	simple module	(no description)
QuicTrafficgen	simple module	(no description)
QuicZeroRttClient	simple module	(no description)
Radio	compound module	The radio model describes the physical device that is capable of transmitting and receiving signals on the medium. It contains an antenna model, a transmitter model, a receiver model, and an energy consumer model.
RadioCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes radios on a 2D canvas.
RadioMedium	compound module	The medium model describes the shared physical medium where communication takes place. It keeps track of radios, noise sources, ongoing transmissions, background noise, and other ongoing noises. The medium computes when, where and how transmissions and noises arrive at receivers. It also efficiently provides the set of interfering transmissions and noises for the receivers.
RadioOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes radios on a 3D osg scene.
RadioVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg radio visualizers into a single module.
RadioVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for radio visualizer simple modules.
RandomDriftOscillator	simple module	Oscillator with time-varying drift driven by a bounded random walk.
RandomQosClassifier	simple module	A QoS classifier that assigns a random User Priority. This is useful for testing purposes.
RandomWaypointMobility	simple module	Implements the Random Waypoint mobility model.
RateSelection	simple module	Implements the default rate selection algorithm. Rate selection decides what bit rate (or MCS) should be used for control frames, management frames and data frames.
RayleighFading	compound module	Models Rayleigh fading in wireless channels, which occurs when signals propagate through multipath environments with no dominant line-of-sight path. This model extends free space path loss with stochastic variations based on the Rayleigh distribution, making it suitable for dense urban and indoor environments. Represents a special case of Rician fading with no dominant signal component, providing realistic signal strength fluctuations for non-line-of-sight wireless communication scenarios.
ReceiveAtL3Address	simple module	(no description)
ReceiveAtMacAddress	simple module	(no description)
ReceiveAtPort	simple module	(no description)
ReceiverBase	compound module	(no description)
ReceiveWithAcknowledge	simple module	(no description)
ReceiveWithHopLimit	simple module	(no description)
ReceiveWithProtocol	simple module	(no description)
RecipientAckPolicy	simple module	Implements the default recipient ACK policy.
RecipientBlockAckAgreementHandler	simple module	Manages Block Acknowledgment (Block Ack) agreements for the recipient side in IEEE 802.11 networks. Processes ADDBA requests from originators, creates and maintains Block Ack agreements, handles timeouts, and generates appropriate responses. Implements the recipient side of the Block Ack mechanism as defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard for efficient acknowledgment of multiple frames.
RecipientBlockAckAgreementPolicy	simple module	Implements the default recipient block ACK agreement policy.
RecipientMacDataService	compound module	Implements the MAC data service for the recipient side in non-QoS IEEE 802.11 networks. Processes received frames by performing defragmentation and duplicate detection.
RecipientQosAckPolicy	simple module	Implements the default recipient ACK policy for QoS stations.
RecipientQosMacDataService	compound module	Implements the QoS MAC data service for the recipient side in IEEE 802.11 networks. Extends the basic recipient MAC data service with QoS capabilities including A-MPDU deaggregation, A-MSDU deaggregation, and block ACK reordering. Processes received frames according to the MAC data plane architecture described in the IEEE 802.11 standard.
RectangleMobility	simple module	Moves the node around a rectangle.
RedDropper	simple module	Implements Random Early Detection (RED).
RedDropperQueue	compound module	Combines a packet queue with random early detection (RED) dropper.
ReferenceCommunicationCache	compound module	This communication cache model allows validation of other implementations. It can be used to provide a reference for communication logs, simulation fingerprints, and statistical results that can be compared with the results of other communication cache implementations.
RelayInterfaceLearner	simple module	Extracts the source MAC address of the packet passing through and stores the mapping from this MAC address to the incoming network interface in the MAC address table (forwarding information database).
RelayInterfaceSelector	simple module	Selects the outgoing interface for the packet passing through from the MAC address table (forwarding information database) based on the destination MAC address. The selected interface is attached to the packet in an InterfaceReq. The packet may be duplicated if multiple interfaces are found.
Reordering	simple module	Reorders out-of-sequence packets based on their sequence numbers. Buffers packets until they can be delivered in the correct order, ensuring sequential processing of packets despite network reordering. Note that this module does not contain a mechanism to recover from packet losses, i.e. a lost packet will cause subsequent packets will be buffered in this module indefinitely.
RequestConsumer	compound module	Processes incoming packets one by one in the order they arrive. First, it classifies a packet according to the configured classifier function, then it generates tokens for the selected category in the configured response producer.
Resending	simple module	(no description)
ResidenceTimeMeasurer	simple module	Measures the residence time of packet data in network nodes. The measurement is done by tracking every bit individually using their unique identity. For each bit, the measurement starts when the incoming enclosing packet reception ends (or starts) in the network node. Similarly, for each bit, the measurement ends when the outgoing enclosing packet transmission starts (or ends) in the network node.
ResponseProducer	compound module	Generates several different streams of packets, one after the other. For each traffic category, the packets are produced by a separate token-based server. The traffic stream can be started by adding tokens to the corresponding server module. The packet data, packet length, and timing distributions can be configured in the corresponding packet provider.
RicianFading	compound module	Models Rician fading in wireless channels, which occurs when a signal reaches the receiver through both direct line-of-sight and multipath propagation. The k parameter (in dB) controls the ratio between the direct and scattered signal components, with higher values indicating stronger line-of-sight conditions. This model extends free space path loss with stochastic variations based on the Rician distribution, making it suitable for indoor and urban environments where a dominant signal path exists alongside weaker multipath components.
Rip	simple module	Routing Information Protocol.
RipRouter	compound module	A router that uses the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) version 2. Extends the standard Router module with RIP functionality enabled.
Router	compound module	A network router device with support for multiple routing protocols and network interfaces. Provides the foundation for simulating various types of routers in both wired and wireless networks.
Router6	compound module	An IPv6 router for next-generation Internet Protocol networks. It extends the standard Router module by configuring it to use IPv6 as the network layer protocol while disabling IPv4 by default.
RoutingTableCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes routes in the routing tables on a 2D canvas. It displays an arrow for each route in the routing tables of the network. The arrow points from the node containing the routing table towards the gateway. The arrow automatically follows the movement of mobile nodes.
RoutingTableOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes routes in the routing tables on a 3D osg scene. It displays an arrow for each route in the routing tables of the network. The arrow points from the node containing the routing table towards the gateway. The arrow automatically follows the movement of mobile nodes.
RoutingTableRecorder	simple module	Records changes in the routing tables (Ipv4RoutingTable) and interface tables (InterfaceTable) of all hosts and routers. The filename has to be specified in the routinglog-file configuration option that this module registers.
RoutingTableVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg routing table visualizers into a single module.
RoutingTableVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for routing table visualizer simple modules. It displays routes in the routing tables of the network. Routes present are not displayed by default, see the module parameters for how to enable the visualization. The actual visualization of routes is done in derived modules.
Rstp	simple module	Implements the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.D-2004) for IEC 48-bit MAC addresses. It is a complete implementation except it doesn’t fall back to STP when peers don’t support RSTP.
RsvpClassifier	simple module	Table-based ingress classifier.
RsvpMplsRouter	compound module	An RSVP-TE capable MPLS router.
RsvpTe	simple module	Implements RSVP-TE, a signalling protocol for MPLS. The module processes RSVP-TE messages, installs labels and does the reservation along LSP paths.
Rtcp	simple module	RTCP end system.
Rtp	simple module	The Rtp module is the center of the Rtp layer of an endsystem. It communicates with the application, and sends and receives Rtp data packets.
RtpApplication	simple module	An application which uses RTP. It acts as a sender if the parameter `fileName` is set, and as a receiver if the parameter is empty.
RtpAvProfile	simple module	Audio-Video RTP Profile. RtpAvProfile is internal to the Rtp module; instances are created and connected dynamically by Rtp.
RTPAVProfilePayload10Receiver	simple module	(no description)
RTPAVProfilePayload10Sender	simple module	(no description)
RtpAvProfilePayload32Receiver	simple module	(no description)
RtpAvProfilePayload32Sender	simple module	(no description)
RTPAVProfileSampleBasedAudioReceiver	simple module	(no description)
RTPAVProfileSampleBasedAudioSender	simple module	(no description)
RtpHost	compound module	A network node with Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) support. Extends StandardHost by adding RTP-specific components for real-time multimedia streaming applications.
RtpPayloadReceiver	simple module	(no description)
RtpPayloadSender	simple module	(no description)
RtpProfile	simple module	Generic RTP Profile. RtpProfile is internal to the Rtp module; instances are created and connected dynamically by Rtp.
RtsPolicy	simple module	Implements the default RTS policy.
Rx	simple module	Responsible for checking frames received over the radio for errors, for managing the NAV, and for notifying other processes about the channel state (free or busy).
SatelliteMobility	simple module	Mobility model that propagates a satellite orbit from a TLE (two-line element) set using the embedded SGP4 implementation, and reports the position in the simulation scene through the geographic coordinate system referenced by `coordinateSystemModule` (typically a Wgs84EcefGeographicCoordinateSystem); when `coordinateSystemModule` is empty, the position is reported in raw geocentric ECEF coordinates.
ScalarMediumAnalogModel	compound module	This analog model computes with scalar analog power representation. In other words, the signal power does not change over time or frequency, except for the boundaries of the signal.
ScalarRadioMedium	compound module	Radio medium model that uses scalar representation for signal power. Provides a simpler and more computationally efficient alternative to dimensional models by representing signals as single scalar values rather than as functions of time and frequency. Suitable for simulations where detailed physical layer behavior is not required.
ScalarReceiverAnalogModel	simple module	(no description)
ScalarTransmitterAnalogModel	compound module	(no description)
ScenarioManager	simple module	ScenarioManager is for setting up and controlling simulation experiments. You can schedule certain events to take place at specified times, like changing a parameter value, changing the bit error rate of a connection, removing or adding connections, removing or adding routes in a routing table, etc, so that you can observe the transient behavior.
SceneCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes the scene on a 2D canvas. It provides the 3D coordinate system’s 2D orthographic projection for other visualizers. This is used to get a consistent visualization across all visualizers. It can also display the coordinate system axes.
SceneOsgEarthVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes the scene using `osgEarth`. It displays a 3D osg map of some part of the earth as an integrated part of the 3D visualization of the simulation. The map is loaded from an external resource specified by the `mapFile` parameter. The scene is placed on the map according to the coordinate system module.
SceneOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes the scene using osg. It displays the scene and the coordinate system axes. It sets the initial viewpoint of the 3D scene based on the bounding sphere of all network nodes. The viewpoint is located opposite to the coordinate system origin with respect to the sphere, and it faces towards the center of the sphere.
SceneOsgVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for scene visualizer simple modules on a 3D osg scene. It displays the scene either as a filled rectangle or as an image.
SceneVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg scene visualizers into a single module.
SceneVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for scene visualizer simple modules. It determines the bounds of the scene, which is the minimum area where the whole simulation fits in. The scene encloses all physical objects and the constraint area of all mobile nodes. The visualizer also provides a timer that can be used to periodically update the user interface independently of the underlying simulation. The actual visualization of the scene is done in derived modules.
Sctp	simple module	Implements the SCTP protocol.
SctpAssociation	simple module	Represents a single SCTP association in the SCTP protocol implementation. Implements the SCTP state machine and handles association establishment, data transfer, flow control, congestion control, and association termination. Provides extensive statistics collection for various SCTP metrics.
SctpChecksumInsertion	simple module	Inserts SCTP checksum into packets.
SctpClient	simple module	Client app for SCTP-based request-reply protocols. Handles a single session (and SCTP connection) at a time.
SctpNatHook	simple module	SCTP NAT hook module.
SctpNatPeer	simple module	Implements a peer application for SCTP NAT traversal. Supports both standard and rendezvous connection establishment methods to traverse NAT devices. Exchanges NAT traversal information with other peers and handles data transfer with configurable parameters. Supports multi-homing with multiple addresses.
SctpNatRouter	compound module	SCTP NAT router
SctpNatServer	simple module	Implements a rendezvous server for SCTP NAT traversal. Facilitates communication between peers behind NAT devices by maintaining connection information and exchanging address details between peers. Handles multi-homed connections and processes address addition notifications. Enables direct peer-to-peer communication by providing each peer with the necessary connection details of the other peer.
SctpNatTable	simple module	(no description)
SctpPeer	simple module	Implements a versatile SCTP application that can function as both client and server simultaneously. Supports sending and receiving data with configurable parameters including multi-streaming, PR-SCTP, and stream reset capabilities. Provides options for echo functionality, ordered/unordered delivery, and configurable think times between transmissions.
SctpServer	simple module	Server app for SCTP-based request-reply protocols. Handles a single session (and SCTP connection) at a time.
SctpUdpHook	simple module	SCTP UDP hook module.
SecurityAssociationDatabase	simple module	Represents the IPsec Security Association Database (SAD). The database is filled by the IPsec module.
SecurityPolicyDatabase	simple module	Represents the IPsec Security Policy Database (SPD). The database is filled by the IPsec module.
SelectivityService	compound module	(no description)
SendToL3Address	simple module	(no description)
SendToMacAddress	simple module	(no description)
SendToPort	simple module	Adds a destination port header to packets. The header contains the configured destination port and is used by the corresponding ReceiveAtPort module to filter packets.
SendWithAcknowledge	simple module	(no description)
SendWithHopLimit	simple module	(no description)
SendWithProtocol	simple module	(no description)
SensorNode	compound module	A wireless sensor network (WSN) node with low-power communication capabilities. Provides a specialized node type for simulating resource-constrained devices commonly used in environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and IoT applications.
SensorStateBasedCcEnergyConsumer	simple module	This current consumption module extends StateBasedCcEnergyConsumer and provides default values suitable for use in low-power wireless sensor nodes. Values are roughly based on the datasheet for the CC2500 RF transceiver. Used for accurate battery life simulation in wireless sensor networks.
SensorStateBasedEpEnergyConsumer	simple module	This energy consumption module extends StateBasedEpEnergyConsumer and provides default values suitable for use in low-power wireless sensor nodes. Values are roughly based on the datasheet for the CC2500 RF transceiver. Used for accurate battery life simulation in wireless sensor networks.
SequenceNumbering	simple module	Adds sequence numbers to outgoing packets. Maintains an internal counter to assign unique, sequential numbers to packets, enabling downstream modules to detect duplicates and reorder packets.
SettableClock	compound module	This module represents a settable (step-able) clock with adjustable oscillator compensation.
ShortcutInterface	compound module	Implements a simplistic network interface that uses a shortcut to the receiver at the MAC layer.
ShortcutMac	simple module	Implements a simple shortcut to peer MAC protocol that completely bypasses the physical layer. Packets received from the upper layer protocols are never lost. The MAC protocol directly sends packets to the destination MAC protocol without any physical layer processing. Physical layer overhead is simply simulated by overhead bits, overhead transmission duration and a propagation delay.
ShortcutRadio	simple module	Implements a simple shortcut to peer radio protocol that completely bypasses the physical medium. This radio module directly sends packets to the other radio module without any physical layer processing in the radio medium. Packets received from the upper layer protocols may be lost. Physical layer overhead is simply simulated by physical header bits, preamble transmission duration, and a propagation delay.
SignalBasedTokenGenerator	simple module	Generates tokens for a TokenBasedServer based on received signals.
SignalSource	simple module	Emits double-valued signals in the specified interval. May be used for testing indicator figures.
SimpleCcBattery	simple module	This battery model maintains a residual charge capacity by integrating the difference between the total consumed current and the total generated current over time. This model uses a charge-independent ideal voltage source and a charge-independent internal resistance. It initiates node crash when the residual charge capacity reaches zero. See the base module for signals and statistics.
SimpleClockSynchronizer	simple module	Periodically synchronizes the slave clock to the master clock with the specified accuracy. The synchronization happens directly using C++ method calls and without any packet exchange. This is primarily useful when the overhead of the time synchronization protocol messages can be safely ignored.
SimpleEpEnergyManagement	simple module	This energy management model estimates the residual energy capacity of the energy source model by actually querying it. It is only useful when the estimation process is not important. This model initiates node shutdown when the residual capacity decreases below a threshold, and it also initiates node start when the residual capacity increases above another threshold.
SimpleEpEnergyStorage	simple module	This energy storage model maintains a residual energy capacity by integrating the difference between the total consumed power and the total generated power over time. It initiates node crash when the residual energy capacity reaches zero. This model does not have various properties such as self-discharge, memory effect, overcharging, temperature-dependence, etc. that real-world batteries have. See the base module for signals and statistics.
SimpleGeographicCoordinateSystem	simple module	Provides a very simple and less accurate geographic coordinate system. The Earth is modeled as a sphere so you may get inaccuracies if you compare it to other wgs84 coordinates. Scene coordinates are in meter and are relative to the scene anchor point. It doesn’t support rotation so the X axis always points east and the Y axis always points south (to have the same handedness as the scene coordinate system)!
SimpleIeee8021qFilter	compound module	Implements a simplified version of the IEEE 802.1Q per-stream filtering and policing. Each filtered stream has its own path where metering and filtering happens independently of any other stream.
SimpleModule	simple module	Base module for all INET simple modules.
SimpleNetworkLayer	compound module	Provides a simple network layer.
SimpleVoipReceiver	simple module	Receives a VoIP stream generated by a SimpleVoipSender, and records statistics. The most important statistic is MOS (Mean Opinion Score, a value between 1 and 5, representing a human user’s view of the voice quality), computed using the E Model defined in the ITU-T G.107 standard. The parameters starting with “emodel_” correspond to the parameters of the E model.
SimpleVoipSender	simple module	Implements a simple VoIP source. It is a constant bitrate source, with talk spurt support added. Packets do not contain actual voice data. Connection setup/teardown is not modeled. The peer must be a SimpleVoipReceiver.
SingleProtectionMechanism	simple module	Implements the single protection mechanism for IEEE 802.11 networks as defined in the standard section 8.2.5.2. This module calculates the Duration/ID field values for different frame types (RTS, CTS, BlockAckReq, BlockAck, data, management) to properly set the Network Allocation Vector (NAV) in receiving stations.
SingleRateThreeColorClassifier	simple module	This packet classifier module classifies packets using two token buckets. Each packet is classified depending on which token bucket is the first one that contains the required number of tokens for the packet.
SingleRateThreeColorMeter	simple module	Implements a Single Rate Three Color Meter (RFC 2697).
SingleRateThreeColorMeter	simple module	This packet meter module measures the packet flow that is passing through using two token buckets. The meter attaches a LabelsTag to each packet with either green, yellow, or red color depending on which token bucket contains the required number of tokens for the packet.
SingleRateTwoColorClassifier	simple module	This packet classifier module classifies packets using one token bucket. Each packet is classified depending on whether the token bucket contains the required number of tokens for the packet.
SingleRateTwoColorMeter	simple module	This packet meter module measures the packet flow that is passing through using one token bucket. The meter attaches a LabelsTag to each packet with either a green or red color depending on whether the token bucket contains the required number of tokens for the packet.
Sink	simple module	(no description)
SinkApp	compound module	Implements a generic sink application.
SlidingWindowRateMeter	simple module	Attaches a RateTag to each packet specifying the data rate and packet rate of the received stream of packets. The algorithm takes packets into account only in the given time window.
SnirReceiverBase	compound module	Serves as a base module for SNIR receiver models.
SourceApp	compound module	Implements a generic source application.
StandardHost	compound module	A comprehensive model of an IPv4/IPv6 host that provides a complete network stack with configurable application, transport, network, and link layers. It supports multiple network interfaces, protocols, and applications that can be customized through parameters.
StandardHost6	compound module	An IPv6 host with TCP, UDP, and SCTP transport layer protocols. It extends the standard host model by configuring it to use IPv6 as the network layer protocol while disabling IPv4 by default.
StateBasedCcEnergyConsumer	simple module	Provides a radio energy consumer model. The current consumption is determined by the radio mode, the transmitter state, and the receiver state using constant parameters.
StateBasedEpEnergyConsumer	simple module	Provides a radio power consumer model. The power consumption is determined by the radio mode, the transmitter state, and the receiver state using constant parameters.
StaticConcentricMobility	simple module	Places all hosts on concentric circles
StaticGridMobility	simple module	Places all hosts in a rectangular grid. The usable area (constraint area minus margins on each side) is split into smaller cells (with a `separationX`, `separationY` size). Hosts are placed in the middle of each cell. By default, the number of columns and rows follows the aspect ratio of the usable area. By default, `stepX` and `stepY` are calculated based on the number of columns and rows.
StaticLinearMobility	simple module	Mobility model which places all hosts at constant distances in a line with an orientation
StationaryMobility	simple module	Mobility module for stationary nodes.
StatisticalRateLimiter	simple module	Limits the datarate or the packetrate of a stream of packets based on the RateTag attached to the packets.
StatisticCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes statistics on a 2D canvas. See the base module for how to configure which statistic is displayed. If configured properly, then it displays the last value of the statistic to the right of the visualization of the corresponding network node. The value and the unit are wrapped in a filled white rectangle.
StatisticOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes a statistic on a 3D osg scene. See the base module for how to configure which statistic is displayed. If configured properly, then it displays the last value of the statistic just above the visualization of the corresponding network node. The value and the unit are wrapped in a filled rectangle.
StatisticVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg statistic visualizers into a single module.
StatisticVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for statistic visualizer simple modules. It keeps track of the last value of a statistic for multiple network nodes. The actual visualization of statistic values is done in derived modules. It subscribes for the signal determined by the `signalName` parameter at the module specified by the `visualizationSubjectModule` parameter. If the visualizer receives such a signal, it checks if the source matches the `sourceFilter` parameter. If the signal passes the check, it determines the last value of the statistic specified by the `statisticName` parameter.
StepClockServo	compound module	Step (bang-bang) clock servo.
StochasticErrorModel	compound module	This error model provides parameters to specify the constant packet error rate, bit error rate, and symbol error rate for receptions independent of any interfering transmission or noise.
StochasticLayeredErrorModel	compound module	(no description)
Stp	simple module	The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network. The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them. Spanning tree also allows a network design to include spare (redundant) links to provide automatic backup paths if an active link fails, without the danger of bridge loops or the need for manually enabling/disabling these backup links.
StpTester	simple module	Network tester module. Shows if a network topology is loop-free, all nodes are connected, or it has a tree topology.
StreamClassifier	simple module	Classifies packets based on the stream they are part of. The stream is determined by a `StreamReq` or a `StreamInd` or both.
StreamCoderLayer	compound module	Combines a stream decoder and a stream encoder into a layer. For incoming packets, the stream decoder determines the stream of the packet. For outgoing packets, the stream encoder determines the VLAN id, etc. of the packet.
StreamDecoder	simple module	Decodes the stream of a packet by matching various tags on the packet against the mapping. It can check for network interface, source address, destination address, VLAN id, and PCP. If a match was found, then the stream is attached to the packet in a StreamInd tag.
StreamEncoder	simple module	Encodes the stream name of a packet into several request tags attached to the packet. It looks up the stream in the mapping and attaches the necessary request tags to the packet based on the specified parameters.
StreamFilter	simple module	Implements a packet filter using solely the stream name. The stream name must match the filter criteria in order for the packet to pass through the filter.
StreamFilterLayer	compound module	Combines two packet filters into a protocol layer so that it can be used in a layered compound module. There are separate submodules for ingress and egress traffic, but in most cases only the ingress filter is used.
StreamIdentifier	simple module	Identifies the stream of a packet using packet filter expressions. It can check for arbitrary packet data and assign an if a match was found then the stream is attached to the packet in the StreamReq tag.
StreamIdentifierLayer	compound module	Wraps a stream identifier into a protocol layer so that it can be used in a layered compound module.
StreamingReceiverBase	simple module	(no description)
StreamingTransmitter	simple module	Receives packets from the upper layer as a whole. It sends signals to the transmission medium (wire) as a stream, it sends the signal start and signal end separately.
StreamingTransmitterBase	simple module	(no description)
StreamMerger	simple module	Merges the packets of the same stream by removing duplicates. In addition, it also replaces the stream name on the packet based on the mapping parameter. For merging, it maintains a separate finite buffer per stream with the last seen sequence numbers.
StreamPolicyLayer	compound module	(no description)
StreamRedundancyConfigurationCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes stream redundancy configurations on a canvas by displaying polyline arrows representing redundant paths for streams. Uses information from the StreamRedundancyConfigurator module to identify and display the network paths used for redundant stream transmission in Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) applications.
StreamRedundancyConfigurator	simple module	Provides Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) static stream redundancy configuration. The module automatically configures all the necessary modules related to stream splitting, stream merging and stream filtering in all network nodes. The configuration parameter specifies the streams with a set of path fragments.
StreamRelayLayer	compound module	Combines a stream merger and a stream splitter module into a stream relay layer. For incoming packets, the identified streams are merged by the stream merger. For outgoing packets, the requested streams are split by the stream splitter.
StreamSplitter	simple module	Duplicates incoming packets based on the stream they are part of. The stream is determined by the `StreamReq` tag that is attached to the packet. The number of outgoing packets is determined by the mapping parameter. Each outgoing packet will have an attached `StreamReq` with the tag name taken from the mapping parameter.
StreamThroughReceiver	simple module	Receives signals from the transmission medium (wire) as a stream and also sends packets to the upper layer as a stream. The stream start and stream end are sent separately allowing the preemption of signals.
StreamThroughTransmitter	simple module	Receives packets from the upper layer as a stream and also sends signals to the transmission medium as a stream. The stream start and stream end are sent separately allowing the preemption of signals.
SubpacketLengthHeaderBasedAggregator	compound module	Aggregates multiple packets into a single packet by inserting a length field header before each subpacket. This module collects packets according to the aggregation policy and combines them into a single aggregated packet. Each subpacket is preceded by a SubpacketLengthHeader that contains the length of the following subpacket, allowing the receiver to extract individual packets.
SubpacketLengthHeaderBasedDeaggregator	simple module	(no description)
SuiPathLoss	compound module	Implements the Stanford University Interim (SUI) path loss model, an empirical model used to predict radio signal attenuation over various terrain types. Path loss is calculated based on distance, frequency, and antenna heights, with parameter sets defined for different environments.
SuperpositioningMobility	compound module	Combines the trajectory of several other mobility modules using superposition. In other words, the position, velocity, and acceleration are the sum of the respective quantities of all submodules.
Tcp	simple module	Implements the TCP protocol. For other implementations, see ITcp.
TcpBasicClientApp	simple module	Client for a generic request-response style protocol over TCP, to be used with TcpGenericServerApp.
TcpChecksumInsertionHook	simple module	(no description)
TcpClientApp	compound module	A generic, very modular TCP client application, similar to TcpServerApp. The traffic source and traffic sink modules can be built from queueing model elements.
TcpClientSocketIo	simple module	Opens a TCP connection to a given address and port and lets the module connected to its `trafficIn` and `trafficOut` gates send and receive data over that connection. When data is received on the `trafficIn` gate, it is forwarded on the TCP connection via the `socketOut` gate, and vice versa. This module simplifies the task of data exchange over a TCP connection. The TCP connection is opened when the module first receives data on its `trafficIn` gate.
TcpConnection	simple module	Represents a single TCP connection in the TCP protocol implementation. Implements the TCP state machine and handles connection establishment, data transfer, flow control, congestion control, and connection termination. Provides extensive statistics collection for various TCP metrics including window sizes, sequence numbers, RTT measurements, and congestion parameters.
TcpEchoApp	simple module	Accepts any number of incoming TCP connections, and sends back the data that arrives on them. The `echoFactor` parameter controls the amount of data to be sent back. If echoFactor==1, the received data is echoed back without change. For any other positive value of `echoFactor`, a message of appropriate length (datalen*``echoFactor``) without content (see `ByteCountChunk` C++ class) is sent back.
TcpEchoAppThread	simple module	Thread for TcpEchoApp
TcpGenericServerApp	simple module	Generic server application for modeling TCP-based request-reply style protocols or applications.
TcpLwip	simple module	TCP model based on the LWIP 1.3.2 project. The original LWIP is available on this page.
TcpLwipConnection	simple module	Represents a single TCP connection in the LwIP (Lightweight IP) TCP stack implementation. Manages connection state, processes application commands, handles data transfer through send and receive queues, and provides statistics about connection parameters such as window sizes and sequence numbers.
TcpRequestResponseApp	compound module	A generic request/response based server application. For each request it receives, it generates a different traffic based on the data the request contains. The client application can be any source that is capable of generating packets with different data. The first byte of the packet data determines the response traffic, which can be configured to produce complex streams of packets with various data and timing distributions.
TcpServerApp	compound module	A generic, modular TCP server application. It is composed of a listener module that listens on a port to accept TCP connections, and for each incoming TCP connection it dynamically creates a new module in the connection[] submodule vector to handle the connection.
TcpServerConnection	compound module	This is a pre-assembled module type to be used in TcpServerApp. One instance of this module type is launched by TcpServerListener for each incoming connection. It is composed of a traffic source, a traffic sink, a socket I/O and other modules, and most of the module types are parametric. The traffic source and traffic sink modules can be built from queueing model elements.
TcpServerHostApp	simple module	Hosts TCP-based server applications. It dynamically creates and launches a new “thread” object for each incoming connection.
TcpServerListener	simple module	Opens a TCP socket to listen on a port, accepts incoming connections, and dynamically creates modules to handle them. The type of modules to be created can be specified in a parameter. The new modules will be appended to the connection[] submodule array of the parent of this module, i.e., they will be siblings of this module.
TcpServerSocketIo	simple module	Manages an established TCP connection. It handles data transmission to and from a module connected via the `trafficIn` and `trafficOut` gates. When data is received on the `trafficIn` gate, it is forwarded on the TCP connection via the `socketOut` gate, and vice versa. This module simplifies the task of data exchange over an established TCP connection.
TcpSessionApp	simple module	Single-connection TCP application: it opens a connection, sends the given number of bytes, and closes. Sending may be one-off, or may be controlled by a “script” which is a series of (time, number of bytes) pairs. May act either as client or as server. Compatible with both IPv4 (Ipv4) and IPv6 (Ipv6).
TcpSinkApp	compound module	Accepts any number of incoming TCP connections, and discards whatever arrives on them. Compatible with both Ipv4 and Ipv6.
TcpSinkAppThread	simple module	Handles a single incoming TCP connection for TcpSinkApp.
TcpSpoof	simple module	Sends fabricated TCP packets. This is a base implementation, you’ll probably have to customize it in C++ according to what you want to send and when you want to send it.
Ted	simple module	Traffic Engineering Database. Stores network topology with detailed link information, including total and reserved bandwidths.
TelnetApp	simple module	Models Telnet sessions with a specific user behavior. The server app should be TcpGenericServerApp. Compatible with both Ipv4 and Ipv6.
TelnetClientApp	compound module	This client application contains a configurable pre-composed telnet traffic source and traffic sink.
TelnetServerApp	compound module	This server application accepts and creates telnet server connections.
TelnetServerConnection	compound module	Contains a configurable pre-composed telnet traffic source and traffic sink as part of a telnet server application.
ThruputMeter	simple module	Thruput measurement utility module.
TimeAwareShaper	compound module	Implements a time-aware shaper using a gate submodule that opens and closes according to a time-based schedule.
TimeBasedTokenGenerator	simple module	Generates tokens for a TokenBasedServer repeatedly.
TokenBasedServer	simple module	Repeatedly pulls packets from the connected packet provider and it pushes them into the connected packet consumer. The packets are processed in zero simulation time, and the process continues until the available number of tokens is not sufficient anymore.
TokenBucket	compound module	Implements a parameterizable token bucket algorithm.
TokenBucketClassifier	simple module	Classifies packets to the first output gate if the bucket contains enough number of tokens for the packet passing through, otherwise the second output gate is used. The amount of required tokens is equal to the packet length in bits and is subtracted from the number of stored tokens. New tokens are generated with the provided constant rate and they may also be added by other modules.
TokenBucketMeter	simple module	Simple token bucket meter.
TokenBucketMeter	simple module	Labels each packet if the token bucket contains enough tokens for the packet that is passing through. The amount of required tokens is equal to the packet length in bits and is subtracted from the number of stored tokens. New tokens are generated with the provided constant rate and they may also be added by other modules.
TokenGeneratorBase	simple module	Base module for various token generator modules.
TracingObstacleLossBase	compound module	Serves as a base module for tracing obstacle loss models.
TracingObstacleLossCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes obstacle loss on a 2D canvas. It displays a line at the intersections of signal propagation paths with physical objects, and normal vectors of physical object faces at intersection points.
TracingObstacleLossOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes obstacle loss on a 3D osg scene. It displays a line at the intersections of signal propagation paths with physical objects, and normal vectors of physical object faces at intersection points.
TracingObstacleLossVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg obstacle loss visualizers into a single module.
TracingObstacleLossVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for tracing obstacle loss visualizer simple modules. It subscribes to the obstacle loss module for physical object penetrated signals. The actual visualization of obstacle loss is done in derived modules.
TractorMobility	simple module	Moves a tractor through a field with a certain number of rows. Since the tractor also moves around the field, the tractor travels the number of rows PLUS one row. Consider the following piece of ascii-art for rows=2.
TrafficConditionerLayer	compound module	(no description)
TrafficgenCompound	compound module	(no description)
TrafficgenSimple	simple module	(no description)
TransmitterBase	compound module	(no description)
TransportConnectionCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes transport layer connections on a 2D canvas. It displays a pair of colored icons for each connection at the network nodes where the connection starts or ends.
TransportConnectionOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes transport layer connections in a 3D osg scene. It displays a pair of colored icons for each connection at the network nodes where the connection starts or ends.
TransportConnectionVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg transport connection visualizers into a single module.
TransportConnectionVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for transport connection visualizer simple modules. It keeps track of open transport connections in a network. Open connections are not displayed by default, see the module parameters for how to enable the visualization. The actual visualization of transport connections is done in derived modules.
TransportLayerNodeBase	compound module	An extension of the network layer node base with transport layer protocols. Provides support for UDP, TCP, and SCTP, enabling end-to-end communication services for applications.
TransportProtocolBase	simple module	Module base for different transport protocols.
TransportRouteCanvasVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes transport layer routes on a 2D canvas. It displays a polyline arrow for each active route in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes an active route. The arrow points from the source towards the destination. If a route is used in both directions then there are separate paths for them. Each polyline fades out over time as the route becomes inactive unless it is reinforced by another packet. The polyline automatically follows the movement of mobile nodes.
TransportRouteOsgVisualizer	simple module	Visualizes transport layer routes on a 3D osg scene. It displays a polyline arrow for each active route in the network. See the documentation of the base module for what constitutes an active route. The arrow points from the source towards the destination. If a route is used in both directions then there are separate paths for them. Each polyline fades out over time as the route becomes inactive unless it is reinforced by another packet. The polyline automatically follows the movement of mobile nodes.
TransportRouteVisualizer	compound module	Integrates canvas and osg transport route visualizers into a single module.
TreeVisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for tree visualizer modules that display network tree structures such as multicast routing trees, spanning trees, or other hierarchical network relationships. Visualizes tree structures as a set of connected arrows between network nodes, with configurable appearance properties for the connecting lines.
TsnClock	compound module	A specialized network device that serves as the master clock for Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) simulations.
TsnDevice	compound module	An end device with Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) capabilities. It extends the StandardHost with various TSN features defined in the IEEE 802.1 standards suite for deterministic, low-latency communication over Ethernet networks.
TSNschedGateScheduleConfigurator	simple module	Provides a gate scheduling configurator that uses the TSNsched tool which is available at https://github.com/ACassimiro/TSNsched. Tested revision: 3f3bf663d196ec6c03e81a1e1392d4aefd158e3e
TsnSwitch	compound module	An Ethernet switch with Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) capabilities. It extends the standard EthernetSwitch with various TSN features defined in the IEEE 802.1 standards suite for deterministic, low-latency communication over Ethernet networks.
Tun	simple module	Implements a TUN (network tunnel) interface that provides a virtual network interface for applications. This is the main component of TunInterface. Allows applications to send and receive packets directly to/from the network layer using a socket-like API. Maintains a list of registered sockets and handles commands for opening, closing, and using the TUN interface. Processes packets between upper layers and the network layer, adding appropriate tags for routing.
TunInterface	compound module	Implements a (simulated) TUN network interface.
TunLoopbackApp	simple module	Provides loopback functionality for a TUN interface by receiving packets, swapping source and destination addresses and ports, and sending them back through the same interface. Processes both network and transport layer headers to properly reverse packet direction. Useful for testing network configurations and protocols without requiring external connections.
TunnelApp	simple module	Relays packets between a pre-existing tunnel endpoint (a local TUN interface) and a remote network address using either UDP or IPv4 protocols.
TurtleMobility	simple module	A LOGO-style movement model, with the script coming from XML. It can be useful for describing random as well as deterministic scenarios.
TwoRateThreeColorMeter	simple module	Implements a Two Rate Three Color Meter (RFC 2698).
TwoRayGroundReflection	compound module	Implements the two-ray ground reflection path loss model for wireless communications. This model accounts for both the direct line-of-sight path and a ground-reflected path between transmitter and receiver. For distances less than the crossover distance, it uses the free space model; beyond that, it applies the two-ray formula which considers transmitter and receiver heights above ground. (The crossover distance is computed from the heights and the frequency.) This model provides more accurate predictions than free space models for medium to long distances in environments with significant ground reflections.
TwoRayInterference	compound module	Path loss model that accounts for interference between direct and ground-reflected signal paths. Considers phase differences, polarization effects (horizontal or vertical), and ground permittivity to accurately model constructive and destructive interference patterns, yielding a more accurate approximation than TwoRayGroundReflection even on short distances.
Tx	simple module	Responsible for unconditionally transmitting a frame after waiting for a specified inter-frame space. This is the default implementation of the ITx module interface.
TxopProcedure	simple module	Implements the Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) mechanism in IEEE 802.11 QoS networks. Manages TXOP periods during which a station has the right to transmit. Tracks TXOP limits based on access category (AC) and PHY mode. Supports both single and multiple protection mechanisms to protect frame exchanges during the TXOP.
Udp	simple module	UDP protocol implementation, for IPv4 (Ipv4) and IPv6 (Ipv6).
UdpApp	compound module	Generates traffic for a UDP application. The traffic source and traffic sink modules can be built from queueing model elements.
UdpBasicApp	simple module	Sends UDP packets to the given IP address at the given interval. Compatible with both Ipv4 and Ipv6.
UdpBasicBurst	simple module	Sends UDP packets to the given IP address(es) in bursts, or acts as a packet sink. Compatible with both IPv4 (Ipv4) and IPv6 (Ipv6).
UdpChecksumInsertionHook	simple module	Computes and inserts Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) values into UDP headers during packet processing. Implements a network filter hook that intercepts packets in the post-routing phase and inserts the correct CRC value based on the packet’s source and destination addresses.
UdpEchoApp	simple module	Listens on a UDP port and sends back each received packet to its sender. Note: when used together with UdpBasicApp, UdpBasicApp’s “received packet lifetime” statistic will record round-trip times.
UdpRequestResponseApp	compound module	A generic request/response-based server application. For each request it receives, it generates different traffic based on the data the request contains. The client application can be any source that is capable of generating packets with different data. The first byte of the packet data determines the response traffic, which can be configured to produce complex streams of packets with various data and timing distributions.
UdpSink	simple module	Consumes and prints packets received from the Udp module.
UdpSinkApp	compound module	Implements a UDP application that only receives packets.
UdpSocketIo	simple module	Provides UDP socket handling for generic applications.
UdpSourceApp	compound module	Implements a UDP application that only sends packets.
UdpVideoStreamClient	simple module	Video streaming client.
UdpVideoStreamServer	simple module	Video stream server. To be used with UdpVideoStreamClient.
UnitDiskMediumAnalogModel	compound module	This analog model provides a very simple and predictable physical layer behaviour. It determines the reception power by categorizing transmissions based on the distance between the transmitter and the receiver.
UnitDiskRadioMedium	compound module	This radio medium model provides a very simple but fast and predictable physical layer behavior. The idea behind this analog model is to describe transmissions with a few distance-based parameters: communication range, interference range, and detection range. Whether the reception is successful or not depends on the distance between the transmitter and the receiver.
UnitDiskReceiverAnalogModel	simple module	See also: UnitDiskRadioMedium, UnitDiskMediumAnalogModel, UnitDiskReceiverAnalogModel.
UnitDiskTransmitterAnalogModel	compound module	This transmitter analog model produces signals which are described with a few distance-based parameters.
UserPriorityClassifier	simple module	Classifies packets based on the attached ~UserPriority tag.
UwbIrStochasticPathLoss	compound module	This is a statistical path-loss model for UWB propagation in residential environments, for both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-ofsight (NLOS) cases. It implements the Ghassmezadeh stochastic UWB channel path loss model.
VectorCommunicationCache	compound module	This communication cache model stores radio, transmission and reception related intermediate computation results in vector data structures. It’s primarily useful for simulations with either static or short lived dynamic radios, and with only short transmission durations.
VehicleMobility	simple module	Mobility model for ground vehicles that follow waypoints with realistic turning behavior. Reads waypoints from a file and moves the vehicle along them at a specified speed, calculating appropriate angular velocity for turns. Supports terrain following by projecting positions onto the ground and orienting the vehicle according to the ground normal.
VirtualInterface	compound module	Implements a virtual network interface.
VirtualTunnel	simple module	Creates a virtual network interface that tunnels traffic through an existing real network interface. This is the main component of VirtualInterface. Supports tunneling via Ethernet or IEEE 802.1Q protocols, with optional VLAN tagging for traffic separation.
VisualizerBase	simple module	Base module for visualizer simple modules. It simply provides the visualization target module for derived modules.
VlanIndFilter	simple module	Filters out packets based on the attached `VlanInd` tag.
VlanPolicyLayer	compound module	(no description)
VlanReqFilter	simple module	Filters out packets based on the attached `VlanReq` tag.
VlanReqMapper	simple module	Updates the `VlanReq` tag on packets.
VoipStreamReceiver	simple module	VoipStreamReceiver listens on a UDP port and expects to receive VoIP packets on it. The received voice is then saved into a result audio file that can be compared with the original for further evaluation. VoIP packets are numbered, and out-of-order packets are discarded (the corresponding voice interval will be recorded as silence into the file). VoIP packets that miss their deadlines will similarly be discarded. It is assumed that the audio is played back with a delay (by default 20ms), which allows some jitter for the incoming packets. The resulting audio file is closed when the simulation completes (i.e., in the OMNeT++ finish() function). Only one voice session (“call”) may be underway at a time.
VoipStreamSender	simple module	VoipStreamSender accepts an audio file and a destination IP address/port as input, and will transmit the file’s contents as voice traffic over UDP n times (by default once). For transmission, the audio is resampled at the specified frequency and depth, and encoded with the specified codec at the specified bit rate, and chopped into packets that each carry a specified number of milliseconds of voice. Those values come from module parameters. Packets that are all silence (all samples are below a given threshold in absolute value) are transmitted as special “silence” packets. The module does not simulate any particular VoIP protocol (e.g. RTP), but instead accepts a “header size” parameter that can be set accordingly.
Wgs84AnchoredGeographicCoordinateSystem	simple module	Provides an accurate geographic coordinate system: the scene coordinate frame is a local tangent plane pinned to a geographic anchor point and optionally rotated. Scene coordinates are in meters relative to that anchor.
Wgs84EcefGeographicCoordinateSystem	simple module	Provides an accurate geographic coordinate system in which the scene coordinate frame coincides with the Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed (ECEF) frame (origin at the center of the Earth, Z towards the north pole, meters), using the WGS84 ellipsoid.
WireJunction	simple module	Models a generic wiring hub.
WirelessHost	compound module	A mobile device with wireless connectivity operating in infrastructure mode. Extends StandardHost by adding a preconfigured IEEE 802.11 wireless interface, making it suitable for simulating devices in WiFi networks.
WirelessHost6	compound module	A wireless mobile node with IPv6 and Mobile IPv6 support. Combines wireless connectivity with mobility management capabilities, allowing it to maintain network connections while moving between different wireless networks.
WirelessInterface	compound module	Implements a generic wireless network interface.
WiseRoute	simple module	Wiseroute is a simple loop-free routing algorithm that builds a routing tree from a central network point, designed for sensor networks and convergecast traffic.
WiseRouteNetworkLayer	compound module	Provides a simple network layer.
WrrClassifier	simple module	Implements a weighted round-robin classifier.
WrrScheduler	simple module	Implements weighted round-robin scheduling.
XMac	compound module	Implementation of X-MAC. See C++ documentation for details.
XMacInterface	compound module	Implements a wireless network interface using the X-MAC protocol.
Z3GateScheduleConfigurator	simple module	Provides a gate scheduling algorithm that uses the open source z3 SAT solver from Microsoft. In order to be able to use this module, the corresponding ‘Z3 Gate Scheduling Configurator’ feature must be enabled and the libz3-dev package must be installed.