Ieee80211Interface¶

compound module Ieee80211Interface

Implements an IEEE 802.11 network interface. It implements a large subset of the IEEE 802.11 standard, and may use radio models and wireless signal representations of varying levels of detail. It is also extremely configurable, and its component structure makes it easy to experiment with various details of the protocol.

The main components of the interface are the MAC and the radio submodules. Most configuration parameters are in the MAC (Ieee80211Mac) and its numerous subcomponents. Most subcomponents are replaceable to facilitate experimentation by using typename assignments in the configuration.

The default radio is Ieee80211ScalarRadio, but it can be replaced with any of several compatible radio types using typename assignments in the configuration. Several radio models of varying levels of detail are available, from simple unit disk radio models to layered radio models that explicitly model forward error correction, scrambling, symbol encoding/decoding, etc, and may represent radio signals with a multi-dimensional power density function over time and frequency. The INET User Guide elaborates on the possibilities.

The type of the management submodule is also configurable. The type of this submodule decides whether the interfaces acts as an AP, a STA, or is in ad hoc mode. Use Ieee80211MgmtSta or Ieee80211MgmtStaSimplified for STA, Ieee80211MgmtAp or Ieee80211MgmtApSimplified for AP, and Ieee80211MgmtAdhoc for ad hoc mode.

The agent submodule is responsible for initiating the process of connecting to an AP and similar tasks normally done from “user space”.

The LLC submodule is responsible for adding/removing the LLC header on packets.

A classifier is responsible for assigning a 802.1d User Priority (UP) to packets and is only needed if QoS is involved.

The clock submodule would allow clock skew modeling – this is currently not used.

Note about the implementation:

Despite its appearance, Ieee80211Interface is not a plain compound module. It has an underlying custom C++ class that inherits from cModule.

Usage diagram¶

Inheritance diagram¶

Used in compound modules¶

Name	Type	Description
LinkLayerNodeBase	compound module	An extension of the basic node infrastructure with link layer functionality. Provides support for various network interfaces and link layer protocols, forming the foundation for network connectivity.
AccessPoint	compound module	A wireless access point device that connects wireless stations (like WirelessHost) to a wired network. Supports multiple wireless radios and multiple Ethernet ports.

Extends¶

Name	Type	Description
NetworkInterface	compound module	Serves as the base module for all network interfaces.

Parameters¶

Name	Type	Default value	Description
displayStringTextFormat	string	“%a (%i)\n%m”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
recordPcap	bool	false
numPcapRecorders	int	recordPcap ? 1 : 0
interfaceTableModule	string
energySourceModule	string	“”
opMode	string	“g(mixed)”
address	string	“auto”	MAC address as hex string (12 hex digits), or
protocol	string	“”	“auto”. “auto” values will be replaced by a generated MAC address in init stage 0.
bitrate	double	-1bps

Properties¶

Name	Value	Description
class	NetworkInterface
display	i=block/ifcard
lifecycleSupport
networkInterface

Gates¶

Name	Direction	Size	Description
upperLayerIn	input
upperLayerOut	output
radioIn	input

Signals¶

Name	Type	Unit	Description
packetDropped	inet::Packet

Statistics¶

Name	Title	Source	Record	Unit	Interpolation Mode	Description
packetDropInterfaceDown	packet drops: interface down	packetDropReasonIsInterfaceDown(packetDropped)	count,sum(packetBytes),vector(packetBytes)		none
packetDropNoCarrier	packet drops: no carrier	packetDropReasonIsNoCarrier(packetDropped)	count,sum(packetBytes),vector(packetBytes)		none

Unassigned submodule parameters¶

Name	Type	Default value	Description
pcapRecorder.displayStringTextFormat	string	“rec: %n pks”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
pcapRecorder.verbose	bool	true	Whether to log packets on the module output
pcapRecorder.recordEmptyPackets	bool	true	Specifies if zero length packets are recorded or not
pcapRecorder.enableConvertingPackets	bool	true	Specifies if converting packets to link type is allowed or not
pcapRecorder.pcapFile	string	“”	The PCAP file to be written, suggested value: pcapFile = “${resultdir}/${configname}-#${runnumber}” + fullpath() + “.pcap”
pcapRecorder.fileFormat	string	“pcapng”
pcapRecorder.snaplen	int	65535	Maximum number of bytes to record per packet
pcapRecorder.timePrecision	int	6	Time precision in recorded file. pcap supports only 6 (usec) or 9 (nanosec), pcapng supports more values (see ‘if_tsresol’ option in pcapng file format).
pcapRecorder.dumpBadFrames	bool	true	Enable dump of frames with hasBitError
pcapRecorder.sendingSignalNames	string	“transmissionEnded”	Space-separated list of outbound packet signals to subscribe to
pcapRecorder.receivingSignalNames	string	“receptionEnded”	Space-separated list of inbound packet signals to subscribe to
pcapRecorder.dumpProtocols	string	“ethernetmac ppp ieee80211mac”	Space-separated list of protocol names as defined in the Protocol class
pcapRecorder.packetFilter	object	“*”	Which packets are considered, matches all packets by default
pcapRecorder.helpers	string	“”	Usable PcapRecorder::IHelper helpers for accept packettype and store/convert packet as specified linktype
pcapRecorder.alwaysFlush	bool	false	Flush the pcapFile after each write to ensure that all packets are captured in case of a crash
mib.displayStringTextFormat	string	“Address: {address}{ssidStr}\n{modeStr}{stationTypeStr}{qosStr}{associatedStr}”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
agent.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
agent.interfaceTableModule	string		The path to the InterfaceTable module
agent.mibModule	string
agent.activeScan	bool	true	Selects between active and passive scanning
agent.channelsToScan	string	“”	List of channel numbers to scan (space delimited); empty means all channels
agent.probeDelay	double	100ms	Delay before sending a probe request during active scanning
agent.minChannelTime	double	150ms	Min interval to spend on a channel during active scanning
agent.maxChannelTime	double	300ms	Channel time for passive scanning, and max channel time for active scanning
agent.authenticationTimeout	double	5s	Timeout for the authentication procedure
agent.associationTimeout	double	5s	Timeout for the association procedure
agent.startingTime	double	-1s	Agent starting time.
agent.defaultSsid	string	“”	List of allowed SSIDs to connect to; leave empty for no filtering
mgmt.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mgmt.interfaceTableModule	string		The path to the InterfaceTable module
mgmt.numChannels	int	1	Number of channels to scan
mgmt.mibModule	string
mgmt.macModule	string		The path to the MAC module
mac.dcf.channelAccess.pendingQueue.displayStringTextFormat	string	“contains %p pk (%l) pushed %u\npulled %o removed %r dropped %d”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.channelAccess.pendingQueue.packetCapacity	int	100	Maximum number of packets in the queue, no limit by default
mac.dcf.channelAccess.pendingQueue.dataCapacity	int	-1b	Maximum total length of packets in the queue, no limit by default
mac.dcf.channelAccess.pendingQueue.dropperClass	string	“inet::queueing::PacketAtCollectionEndDropper”	Determines which packets are dropped when the queue is overloaded, packets are not dropped by default; the parameter must be the name of a C++ class which implements the IPacketDropperFunction C++ interface and is registered via Register_Class
mac.dcf.channelAccess.pendingQueue.comparatorClass	string	“inet::ieee80211::MgmtOverDataComparator”	Determines the order of packets in the queue, insertion order by default; the parameter must be the name of a C++ class which implements the IPacketComparatorFunction C++ interface and is registered via Register_Class
mac.dcf.channelAccess.pendingQueue.bufferModule	string	“”	Relative module path to the IPacketBuffer module used by this queue, implicit buffer by default
mac.dcf.channelAccess.inProgressFrames.displayStringTextFormat	string	“{numInProgress} packets”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.channelAccess.inProgressFrames.pendingQueueModule	string	“^.pendingQueue”
mac.dcf.channelAccess.inProgressFrames.originatorMacDataServiceModule	string	“^.^.originatorMacDataService”
mac.dcf.channelAccess.inProgressFrames.ackHandlerModule	string	“^.^.ackHandler”
mac.dcf.channelAccess.contention.displayStringTextFormat	string	“{fsmState}”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.channelAccess.contention.initialChannelBusy	bool	true	Assume that the channel was busy before the simulation started
mac.dcf.channelAccess.contention.backoffOptimization	bool	true	We can pretend the frame has arrived into the queue a little bit earlier, and maybe able to start transmitting immediately
mac.dcf.originatorMacDataService.fragmentationPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.originatorMacDataService.fragmentationPolicy.fragmentationThreshold	int	1500B
mac.dcf.rateSelection.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.rateSelection.multicastFrameBitrate	double	-1bps
mac.dcf.rateSelection.responseAckFrameBitrate	double	-1bps
mac.dcf.rateSelection.responseCtsFrameBitrate	double	-1bps
mac.dcf.rateSelection.dataFrameBitrate	double	-1bps	Fastest
mac.dcf.rateSelection.dataFrameBandwidth	double	nan Hz	Unspecified by default
mac.dcf.rateSelection.dataFrameNumSpatialStreams	int	-1	Unspecified by default
mac.dcf.rateSelection.mgmtFrameBitrate	double	-1bps	Fastest
mac.dcf.rateSelection.controlFrameBitrate	double	-1bps
mac.dcf.recoveryProcedure.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.recoveryProcedure.shortRetryLimit	int	7
mac.dcf.recoveryProcedure.longRetryLimit	int	4
mac.dcf.originatorProtectionMechanism.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.originatorProtectionMechanism.rateSelectionModule	string
mac.dcf.ackHandler.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.originatorAckPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.originatorAckPolicy.rateSelectionModule	string
mac.dcf.originatorAckPolicy.ackTimeout	double	-1s
mac.dcf.recipientAckPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.recipientAckPolicy.rateSelectionModule	string
mac.dcf.rtsPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.rtsPolicy.rateSelectionModule	string
mac.dcf.rtsPolicy.ctsTimeout	double	-1s
mac.dcf.rtsPolicy.rtsThreshold	int	2346B
mac.dcf.ctsPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.dcf.ctsPolicy.rxModule	string
mac.dcf.ctsPolicy.rateSelectionModule	string
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.pendingQueue.displayStringTextFormat	string	“contains %p pk (%l) pushed %u\npulled %o removed %r dropped %d”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.pendingQueue.packetCapacity	int	100	Maximum number of packets in the queue, no limit by default
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.pendingQueue.dataCapacity	int	-1b	Maximum total length of packets in the queue, no limit by default
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.pendingQueue.dropperClass	string	“inet::queueing::PacketAtCollectionEndDropper”	Determines which packets are dropped when the queue is overloaded, packets are not dropped by default; the parameter must be the name of a C++ class which implements the IPacketDropperFunction C++ interface and is registered via Register_Class
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.pendingQueue.comparatorClass	string	“inet::ieee80211::MgmtOverDataComparator”	Determines the order of packets in the queue, insertion order by default; the parameter must be the name of a C++ class which implements the IPacketComparatorFunction C++ interface and is registered via Register_Class
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.pendingQueue.bufferModule	string	“”	Relative module path to the IPacketBuffer module used by this queue, implicit buffer by default
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.inProgressFrames.displayStringTextFormat	string	“{numInProgress} packets”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.inProgressFrames.pendingQueueModule	string	“^.pendingQueue”
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.inProgressFrames.originatorMacDataServiceModule	string	“^.^.^.originatorMacDataService”
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.inProgressFrames.ackHandlerModule	string	“^.ackHandler”
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.contention.displayStringTextFormat	string	“{fsmState}”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.contention.initialChannelBusy	bool	true	Assume that the channel was busy before the simulation started
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.contention.backoffOptimization	bool	true	We can pretend the frame has arrived into the queue a little bit earlier, and maybe able to start transmitting immediately
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.ackHandler.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.txopProcedure.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.txopProcedure.txopLimit	double	-1s
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.recoveryProcedure.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.recoveryProcedure.shortRetryLimit	int	7
mac.hcf.edca.edcaf.recoveryProcedure.longRetryLimit	int	4
mac.hcf.edca.collisionController.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.edca.mgmtAndNonQoSRecoveryProcedure.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.edca.mgmtAndNonQoSRecoveryProcedure.shortRetryLimit	int	7
mac.hcf.edca.mgmtAndNonQoSRecoveryProcedure.longRetryLimit	int	4
mac.hcf.hcca.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.originatorMacDataService.msduAggregationPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.originatorMacDataService.msduAggregationPolicy.subframeNumThreshold	int	-1	Minimum number of subframes needed to compose an A-MSDU. (-1 means it won’t be checked)
mac.hcf.originatorMacDataService.msduAggregationPolicy.aggregationLengthThreshold	int	-1	The minimum length for an aggregated payload necessary to create an A-MSDU (-1 means it won’t be checked).
mac.hcf.originatorMacDataService.msduAggregationPolicy.maxAMsduSize	int	4065	-1 means infinity
mac.hcf.originatorMacDataService.msduAggregationPolicy.qOsCheck	bool	true	Turns on/off the check of the presence of the QoS flag (false means off – this is needed for aggregation in DCF mode).
mac.hcf.originatorMacDataService.mpduAggregationPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.originatorMacDataService.fragmentationPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.originatorMacDataService.fragmentationPolicy.fragmentationThreshold	int	1500B
mac.hcf.singleProtectionMechanism.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.singleProtectionMechanism.rateSelectionModule	string
mac.hcf.rateSelection.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.rateSelection.multicastFrameBitrate	double	-1bps
mac.hcf.rateSelection.responseAckFrameBitrate	double	-1bps
mac.hcf.rateSelection.responseBlockAckFrameBitrate	double	-1bps
mac.hcf.rateSelection.responseCtsFrameBitrate	double	-1bps
mac.hcf.rateSelection.dataFrameBitrate	double	-1bps	Fastest
mac.hcf.rateSelection.dataFrameBandwidth	double	nan Hz	Unspecified by default
mac.hcf.rateSelection.dataFrameNumSpatialStreams	int	-1	Unspecified by default
mac.hcf.rateSelection.mgmtFrameBitrate	double	-1bps	Fastest
mac.hcf.rateSelection.controlFrameBitrate	double	-1bps
mac.hcf.originatorAckPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.originatorAckPolicy.rateSelectionModule	string
mac.hcf.originatorAckPolicy.blockAckReqThreshold	int	5
mac.hcf.originatorAckPolicy.maxBlockAckPolicyFrameLength	int	1000B
mac.hcf.originatorAckPolicy.blockAckTimeout	double	-1s
mac.hcf.originatorAckPolicy.ackTimeout	double	-1s
mac.hcf.recipientAckPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.recipientAckPolicy.rateSelectionModule	string
mac.hcf.rtsPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.rtsPolicy.rateSelectionModule	string
mac.hcf.rtsPolicy.ctsTimeout	double	-1s
mac.hcf.rtsPolicy.rtsThreshold	int	2346B
mac.hcf.ctsPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.ctsPolicy.rxModule	string
mac.hcf.ctsPolicy.rateSelectionModule	string
mac.hcf.originatorBlockAckAgreementPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.originatorBlockAckAgreementPolicy.delayedAckPolicySupported	bool	false
mac.hcf.originatorBlockAckAgreementPolicy.aMsduSupported	bool	true
mac.hcf.originatorBlockAckAgreementPolicy.maximumAllowedBufferSize	int	64
mac.hcf.originatorBlockAckAgreementPolicy.blockAckTimeoutValue	double	0s	0 means that it depends on the originator
mac.hcf.recipientBlockAckAgreementPolicy.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.hcf.recipientBlockAckAgreementPolicy.delayedAckPolicySupported	bool	false
mac.hcf.recipientBlockAckAgreementPolicy.aMsduSupported	bool	true
mac.hcf.recipientBlockAckAgreementPolicy.maximumAllowedBufferSize	int	64
mac.hcf.recipientBlockAckAgreementPolicy.blockAckTimeoutValue	double	0s	0 means that it depends on the originator
mac.ds.displayStringTextFormat	string	“”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.ds.mibModule	string
mac.rx.displayStringTextFormat	string	“{rxStatus}”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.tx.displayStringTextFormat	string	“{txFramePrefix}{txState}”	Determines the text that is written on top of the submodule, supports displaying pars, watches, and module-specific information
mac.tx.rxModule	string

Source code¶

//
// Implements an IEEE 802.11 network interface. It implements
// a large subset of the IEEE 802.11 standard, and may use radio models
// and wireless signal representations of varying levels of detail.
// It is also extremely configurable, and its component structure makes
// it easy to experiment with various details of the protocol.
//
// The main components of the interface are the MAC and the radio submodules.
// Most configuration parameters are in the MAC (~Ieee80211Mac) and its
// numerous subcomponents. Most subcomponents are replaceable to facilitate
// experimentation by using typename assignments in the configuration.
//
// The default radio is ~Ieee80211ScalarRadio, but it can be replaced
// with any of several compatible radio types using typename assignments
// in the configuration. Several radio models of varying levels of detail
// are available, from simple unit disk radio models to layered radio models
// that explicitly model forward error correction, scrambling, symbol
// encoding/decoding, etc, and may represent radio signals with a
// multi-dimensional power density function over time and frequency.
// The INET User Guide elaborates on the possibilities.
//
// The type of the management submodule is also configurable. The type of this
// submodule decides whether the interfaces acts as an AP, a STA, or is in ad hoc mode.
// Use ~Ieee80211MgmtSta or ~Ieee80211MgmtStaSimplified for STA,
// ~Ieee80211MgmtAp or ~Ieee80211MgmtApSimplified for AP, and
// ~Ieee80211MgmtAdhoc for ad hoc mode.
//
// The agent submodule is responsible for initiating the process of connecting
// to an AP and similar tasks normally done from "user space".
//
// The LLC submodule is responsible for adding/removing the LLC header on packets.
//
// A classifier is responsible for assigning a 802.1d User Priority (UP) to
// packets and is only needed if QoS is involved.
//
// The clock submodule would allow clock skew modeling -- this is currently not used.
//
// Note about the implementation:
//
// Despite its appearance, Ieee80211Interface is not a plain compound module.
// It has an underlying custom C++ class that inherits from `cModule`.
//
module Ieee80211Interface extends NetworkInterface like IWirelessInterface
{
    parameters:
        string interfaceTableModule;
        string energySourceModule = default("");
        string opMode @enum("a","b","g(erp)","g(mixed)","n(mixed-2.4Ghz)","p","ac") = default("g(mixed)");
        string address @mutable = default("auto"); // MAC address as hex string (12 hex digits), or
                                                   // "auto". "auto" values will be replaced by
                                                   // a generated MAC address in init stage 0.
        string protocol = default("");
        double bitrate @unit(bps) = default(-1bps);
        **.opMode = this.opMode;
        **.bitrate = this.bitrate;
        mac.modeSet = default(this.opMode);
        mac.*.rateSelection.dataFrameBitrate = default(this.bitrate);
        *.macModule = default(absPath(".mac"));
        *.mibModule = default(absPath(".mib"));
        *.interfaceTableModule = default(absPath(this.interfaceTableModule));
        *.energySourceModule = default(absPath(this.energySourceModule));
    gates:
        input upperLayerIn;
        output upperLayerOut;
        input radioIn @labels(IWirelessSignal);
    submodules:
        mib: Ieee80211Mib {
            parameters:
                @display("p=100,300;is=s");
        }
        llc: <default(opMode == "p" ? "Ieee80211LlcEpd" : "Ieee80211LlcLpd")> like IIeee80211Llc {
            parameters:
                @display("p=300,200");
        }
        classifier: <default("OmittedIeee8021dQosClassifier")> like IIeee8021dQosClassifier {
            parameters:
                @display("p=500,100");
        }
        agent: <default("Ieee80211AgentSta")> like IIeee80211Agent if typename != "" {
            parameters:
                @display("p=700,300");
        }
        mgmt: <default("Ieee80211MgmtSta")> like IIeee80211Mgmt {
            parameters:
                @display("p=500,300");
        }
        mac: <default("Ieee80211Mac")> like IIeee80211Mac {
            parameters:
                @display("p=300,300");
        }
        radio: <default("Ieee80211Radio")> like IRadio {
            parameters:
                @display("p=300,400");
        }
    connections:
        radioIn --> { @display("m=s"); } --> radio.radioIn;
        radio.upperLayerIn <-- mac.lowerLayerOut;
        radio.upperLayerOut --> mac.lowerLayerIn;

        mac.mgmtOut --> mgmt.macIn;
        mac.mgmtIn <-- mgmt.macOut;

        mgmt.agentOut --> agent.mgmtIn if exists(agent);
        mgmt.agentIn <-- agent.mgmtOut if exists(agent);

        llc.upperLayerOut --> { @display("m=n"); } --> upperLayerOut;
        llc.upperLayerIn <-- { @display("m=n"); } <-- classifier.out;

        llc.lowerLayerOut --> mac.upperLayerIn;
        llc.lowerLayerIn <-- mac.upperLayerOut;

        classifier.in <-- { @display("m=n"); } <-- upperLayerIn;
}

File: src/inet/linklayer/ieee80211/Ieee80211Interface.ned